Salt Sugar Fat dialectical journal Essay Example for Free

Salt Sugar Fat dialectical journal auditionResponses (interact with the text through analysis, predictions, evaluation, and connections, but dont just summarize)1. On this count, most of the men in the room could breathe easy. They had personal trainers, gym memberships, and adequacy nutritional conscious(predicate)ness to avoid diets that were heavy in the foods they manufactured (11). This just confirms a horrible truth the food companies be very a lot aware of the lack of nutritional value in their products, yet they continue to sell them to the less informed public. While Moss says the business men are able to rest easy when it interposes to their weight, I find it difficult to believe that all the people in the room can rest easy morally. Do they realize that they are taking advantage of people who do not know any better than to eat what is placed in front of them at their local securities industry butt ins? How can the middle and lower classes possibly resist the delicacies wrapped so artfully in packaging specifically designed to grab their attention? Its like taking candy from a baby. Only in this scenario, the food giants are feeding the baby candy. The baby would represent the denizens of America, although Im indisputable there are literal babies verboten there who are beingness affected by the obesity crisis. I find it upsetting to mobilize that maculation America is being diagnosed with heart unhealthiness, diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer (just to name a few illnesses caused by a poor diet) the individuals responsible are out with their personal trainers, rewarded for the increase of diseases by receiving an increase in their income.2. Even gout, an exceedingly painful and rare form of arthritis once dubbed the rich mans disease for its associations with gluttony now afflicted eight million Americans (18). I was intrigued by this disease because of its dubbed name. Food was a resource that was not necessarily easy to c ome by until this past century. To get a lot of food you needed to gull a lot of money. That is why gluttony and wealth went hand in hand, meaning you had to be pretty well off to get gout. Now food is not scarce. The typical American has some kind of grocery store or supermarket within a few miles of their home. That, and the addition of fast food, has made obesity a much easier feat then it was back when people actually hunted for their meat. In my freshman year, I took AP human geography. One of the units we spent a lot of time on was food. I learned that in forthwiths American society the lower classes are actually becoming more overweight than theupper class because of the highly processed fatty foods being made available for extremely low prices. When a pound of apples costs about two dollars and barely fills you up whereas McDonalds boasts a dollar placard with actual meals, it is easy to see why gout isnt associated with just the affluent anymore. People will sacrifice t heir health for the least expensive option.3. With contain funds from the government, the center had begun soliciting monies from food companies, keeping them apprised of research that would interest them (41). What I took from this quote is that the research centers are corrupt. They are basically taking bribes from the food giants to take on specific studies that will give sugar and other ingredients some positive publicity. This is the food industry trying to keep consumers in the dark about what they are really eating so that they continue to buy. I had assumed food companies went to great lengths to keep the true nature of their ingredients and processes hidden, but I never would have guessed that they could sway a research center. I guess money really does control the world.4. The most recent data, from 2006 to 2008, shows that obesity among kids aged six to eleven jumped from 15 to 20 percent (46). I have an eight-year-old brother who is overweight. Its easy to look at the statistics for obesity until it affects someone you knowespecially a child. You think it would be easy to prevent that from happening. Just make him run outside with his friends more or dont let him eat so much right? It isnt that simple. The playdate dynamic has shifted from making forts and riding scooters up and down the street to sitting indoors playing games on various devices. The rise in technology correlates with the rise in obesity. In a society where it is considered normal for elementary school students to own an iPad, it is easy to see how the rates jumped up from 15 to 20 percent in a two year span. How can childhood obesity be controlled? The way I see it, it cant. The be thing any parent wants to do is strip their child of their innocence by making them conscious of their weight. You cant simply take away(p) one kids Nintendo either because then he is left out of the group. Adults must choose the path for their offspring. Which is the worst option, a physically mod ify child or an alienated one?5. Its most rabid devotees proudly call themselves Peppers, belong to a club called the 10-2-4so named for one of the early advert campaigns, which support people to drink three Dr Peppers a day, at ten, two, and four oclockandmake pilgrimages to Waco, Texas, where a pharmacist at Morrisons venerable Corner Drug Store invented the drink in 1885 (48). After reading this I couldnt help but draw parallels between Peppers and Muslims. Both groups were create around the worship of one element. For the 10-2-4 this item is Dr Pepper, while Muslims worship their god Allah. Islam and the 10-2-4 also both have a destination where followers are encouraged or required to make a pilgrimage to. Peppers are invited to visit Waco, Texas where their beloved soft drink was first created, and Muslims must complete the Hajj as one of their five pillars of faith. Another similarity between the assemblages is their daily rituals. In the Islamic religion people must pray five times a day (Salat). The Peppers try to enjoy their favorite soda three times a day at specific times of the day. I find it kindle that a fan club made for a carbonated beverage could have anything in common with a religion that has been practiced for over millennia. The agency of sugar does not cease to amaze me.6. a mega-brand that epitomized the American culture, but one that was also in grave danger of falling behind jello pudding (68). Moss makes a bold statement when he says that Jell-O epitomized the American culture. How exactly does Jell-O, one food brand among millions, embody the land of the uninvolved? Jell-O has never been anything special to me. It is interesting in structure but overall very artificial. Perhaps that is exactly what Moss is trying to convey about the ways of this country. Americans celebrate the superficial. We worship movie stars, models, and other glamorous aspects of life. While it looks appealing, in reality there is no real substance to i t. It is a synthetic snack that still leaves you feeling empty inside.7. And when he went to see his boss, the section head of desserts, Clausi was told that the rules have been changed, public fears be dammed (70). What prompted this sudden shift of opinion on chemical substance additives? One minute artificial ingredients are bad, and now it is suddenly okay for food to be made of unpronounceable components. Despite the publics chariness of synthetic concoctions, the food industry decides to barrel ahead anyway. The risk paid off though, that is the depressing part. Instead of fighting against this artificial snack, America embraced it. And if the consumers are consuming, it is no wonder the food companies didnt stop there. This quote signifies the beginning of the end of natural foods.

Ethics Game Reflective Journal Essay Example for Free

Ethics Game Reflective Journal EssayNursing has evolved throughout the years. Gone are the days that the existence of nursing geared towards following the orders of senior members on the profession and initiation of routine procedures. In todays nursing, nurses are precious and needed for their reasoning as well as intellectual skills. The changes in nursing require the desire to be more(prenominal) responsible and contributory to the welfare of those that needed care. These changes led to more complex honest dilemmas that nurses encounter. This paper aims to ply a reflection on the Ethical Dilemmas presented on the Ethics Game Simulation, the decision-making go taken to address the ethical issues, how the ethical concepts influenced the decisions made, and the application of the ethical concepts to a medical-surgical unit. The Case of the Troubled TeenThis case illustrates Rachel Banks a 16 year-old teenager who got gravid out of wedlock and currently on her tenth hour of labor on the OB/GYN unit at Seva Medical Center. Shes accompanied by her parents. Rachels parents are instructing the staff nurses to withhold the pain medication as punishment for getting pregnant before getting married. Since Rachel Banks is a minor, legally, the parents can see for her. The nurses are concerned due to the possible detrimental health effects that the situation can cause to Rachel and her unborn baby, Lily. The nurses also became aware that the parents may not be fully educated on the consequences of their decision. In order to make an ethical decision on this case, I used the Baird Decision Model which provided five frame regulates Step 1 Be attentive, Step 2 Be Intelligent, Step 3 Be Reasonable, Step 4 Be Responsible, and Step 5 Be Reflective (University of Phoenix, 2013).The main issue in this case is how to ensure that Rachel and the baby get appropriate and timely medical care. I reviewed the e-mails and communications gathered in order to get a picture of the situation and see that the best possible solution arise. Upon understanding the main issue of this case, Ive identified that the primary quill stakeholders includes Rachel Banks, her parents, her unborn child, the staff nurse, and the primary nurse because they will be impacted on the decisions made in this situation. After identifying the main issue and the primary stakeholders, employ the rights/responsibilities genus Lens I was able to identify that my obligations and duties includes providing the best possible care to Rachel Banks and her unborn child, not to accommodate parents who are harming their child, and also support my staffs professional improvement.On the results lens, I was able to recognize what would create the greatest good for the greatest number of stakeholders which was to involve the nurses and the parents in assessing need for medication intervention and also provide information for aftercare support and education. I believe that the decision made on t his scenario benefits both the persevering and her family. By involving the parents in the assessment of Rachels medical needs, conflict is alleviated and thus, creates a positive outcome.The Case of the Policies and PoliticsThis case is or so Alain Trottier, a patient brought in the emergency room by his home(prenominal) partner, Yves. Alain was admitted to the ICU unit and has been unconscious. The day- shift supervisor, Carlotta Baldwin is preventing Yves from seeing the patient and refuses provide information regarding the patient because he is not an actual family member. However, according to the hospital polity, domestic partners are to be treated as married couples for the purposes of access and, most importantly, when it must be determined who can make medical decisions for a patient unable to give their own consent. My duty as the nurse taking care of Alain is to identify the critical issue in this situation which is the equal give-and-take and access of gay partners at Seva Medical Center as equal to those of straight couples. Upon identifying this as the main issue, it is easier to analyze the problem. Again, the following stakeholders were identified Alain Trottier (patient), Yves (domestic partner), Carlotta Baldwin, RN (shift supervisor), Amelia ricochet (Director of Nursing), the shareholders of the hospital, and lastly, I the staff nurse taking care of Alain.This scenario has led to the identification of relationship lens. The relationship lens focuses on the community. The main concern of this lens is to provide basic liberties to all people (University of Phoenix, 2013). The three rights represented in this case were right to participate in decision-making for an unconscious family member, right to have hospital policy regarding participation by family members implemented, and right to be informed that your interpretation of hospital policy is inaccurate. I believe that these rights are the major component of this lens because it focu ses on the patient, family, and healthcare providers. Upon understanding the basic rights related to this situation, the following actions such as educating all employees with hospital policies, establishing a taskforce to make sure that the policies are put into trust and conducting yearly audits to make sure that the policies are implemented.These actions will ensure that the patient will benefit greatly on the policies placed on the facility. Lastly, the reputation lens discusses the virtues important for leadership core competencies such as managing diversity, problem-solving, self- issueledge, decision quality and fairness. These values are important because of the overall positive effect that it can represent to the patient and the facility. My final decision in this case is to note on Alains chart that Yves is to be given access and treated as family.Speak to Carlotta about my decision and let my supervisor know. I believe that this decision has no risk. This decision has d emonstrated that I am fully knowledgeable on the hospital policies and also implementing what I know for the benefit of my patient. By assuring equal access will likely improve the hospitals status in the community. Lastly, by informing Carlotta Baldwin and the supervisor know of the decision can be a message that further education is needed for all employees to be more aware and knowledgeable of the hospital policies.Ethical Dilemma at a Medical-Surgical UnitIve been working as a RN at a medical-surgical unit for almost a year now. I still consider myself as a novice nurse and I feel that I harbort been exposed to a lot of ethical dilemmas. However, I believe that pain management or providing pain relief can be an ethical dilemma for any nurse. The ethical issue is this can we as nurses undertreat a patients pain because we are concerned about the repercussions or because we know that the patient is addicted to the medication.I believe when challenging situations like this arise, I need to be conscious of my own biases and make evidence-based decisions that can provide optimum treatment to the patient. By not being judgmental, I can fully assess what would benefit my patient greatly and include him/her on the treatment plan- good-looking autonomy. By including the patient I can also decrease the harm because I will have a better understanding of what will work best for my patient, and lastly, by hindering my biases I will be able to treat my patients pain in a non-discriminating way possible.As nurses continues to encounter complex ethical dilemmas as the profession and society gears forward, we must still go back on the foundation of nursing in amity to the mission of Florence Nightingale nurses are missioners of health dedicated to the advancement of human welfare.ReferencesUniversity of Phoenix. (2013). Ethics Game Simulation Multimedia. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, HCS478 website.

Crime in the Information Age Essay Example for Free

Crime in the Information Age EssayIts not difficult to gauge what the popular notions of detestation in the United States atomic number 18. Engage in any polite conversation over dinner or cocktails and one is likely to hear similar themes discourtesy is out(a) of avow, its just not the same world we grew up in, its not safe to walk down the street any to a greater extent, its a mean world out there, etc. The underlying theme that gage be drawn from these notions is fear. There is a widespread conception that detestation is a rampant problem in this country and that tearing nuisance and another(prenominal)s are on the rise. However, these beliefs are not support at all by the incidents, counterbalance those put forth by our own law enforcement agencies. So why then, are nigh Americans so relate with the threat of rough crime in particular? While the resultant to this question is a complex one involving many contributors, the focus of this essay is concerned with the impact of popular media on these perceptions, because the media, it would seem, is one of the most influential contributors to the accessible shapeion of crime in this country.The insurance coverage of crime, and particularly violent crime, in the news media has increased in frequency of coverage and sensationalized report in spite of statistical proof that violent crime has been decreasing for many long fourth dimension. This phenomenon is of great concern because how we arrive at our perceptions of our world should be critically examined so insurance solutions controvert to truth not manipulated mankind.As of 2001 homicides made up one to two-tenths of one percent of all arrests, yet made up 27-29% of crime coverage on the nightly news (Dorfman and Schiraldi). Still one of the most shocking statistics from Dorfman and Schiraldis study states that, Crime coverage has increased while real crime rates see fallen. While homicide coverage was increasing on the network new s by 473% from 1990 to 1998, homicide arrests dropped 32. 9% from 1990 to 1998. We can see one indication of the effects of this unrealistic reporting in 1994 when, for example, in a Washington Post/ABC poll respondents named crime as their number one concern (far much than than any other issue) with 65 percent of those who responded as such saying that they learned about this issue from the media (Jackson and Naureckas). The fact is, however, that violent crime has been on the light for roughly thirteen years and is estimated to be at a roughly thirty year low (U. S. Department of Justice). The following graph rom the Department of Justice shows a dramatic decrease in the rates of violent crime beginning in the early nineties ? The National Criminal Victimization Survey, which is conducted differently than the more common Uniform Crime bases, shows a decrease in violent as well as property crimes in the United States for more than a decade (qtd. in Torny 118). The evidence seem s to be overwhelming no matter what the method used for measuring crime rates there is an unmistakable decrease in crime, curiously with respect to violent crime in the United States.These are just a couple of the statistics researchers and academics have compiled over recent years addressing the discrepancy between media coverage of crime and real crime statistics. So in light of these multiple studies using different methods, how and why is it that media coverage of violent crime has grown exponentially? Surette explains that crime is both an individual and cultural product (237). There is a correlation between media consumption and support for more harsh criminal justice policies and perceptions of the mean-world view (Surette 196).This supports the theory that the more news a person consumes, particularly television news, the less they know about the actual state of the world. Surette explains that while the media certainly does have an impact it is not the only factor in cre ating this culture of the fear of crime and impacts those who live in a more insulated environment and consume higher levels of media (200). He also notes that research suggests that those who watch a good drive of television have hassle differentiating between the television world and the real world (204).The media has a relationship with fear that can correlate with fear fore some viewers (Surette 206). one(a) example of this relationship with fear that the media seems to have can be found in a 1994 article in US News and World Report where the authors, despite noting briefly that violent crime by all statistical accounts is actually down, names the previous year as the scariest year in American history seeming to assert that the numbers dont matter (Jackson and Naureckas).The article also makes a good point about the contradiction between perceptions of crime and the reality of crime the drumbeat of news coverage that has made it seem that America is in the midst of its worst pestiferous of violence ever. That sense is not supported by the numbers (Jackson and Naureckas). Throughout the rest of the article similar contradictions abound and it is difficult to tell exactly what conclusion should be drawn from it. The causes of crime, as with most crime reporting, are not dealt with in the article while random violence is examined closely (Jackson and Naureckas).Most violent crime is perpetrated by someone whom the dupe knows yet the theme of random violence receives much more attention in the media (Jackson and Naureckas). The US News piece illustrates how the media engages in a form of doublethink where despite knowledge of factual evidence indicating a decrease in crime they continue to put forth images that depict violent crime as an epidemic and continue to support perceptions of fear, distrust, and cynicism. This fear mongering often plays into preconceived notions of crime and violence such as racism, ageism, and classism held by some.A 2001 study by Dorfman and Schiraldi found that crimes against African Americans were underrepresented in reporting and overrepresented as perpetrators, white victims tended to receive more lengthy coverage as well. In Los Angeles television news African Americans were 22% more likely to be shown on TV committing violent crimes than non-violent ones despite the fact that arrest reports indicate that African Americans in Los Angeles commit both types of crime most equally (Dorfman and Schiraldi).The study also shows how youths are also disproportionately covered 7 out of 10 local TV news stories dealing with violent crime in atomic number 20 had youths as the perpetrators despite the fact that youths commit only 14. 4% of violent crime in that state. Furthermore, half of the stories dealing with bush league for any reason involved violence even though only 2% (though due to unreported crimes the actual number may be higher) of California youths have been victims or perpetrators of violent cri me (Drofman and Schiraldi).The study also found by looking at news reports over the last decade that in Hawaii there has bee a 30 fold increase in the number of youth crime stories despite a steady decrease in youth crime over that same time period. This increased focus on youth crimes has led to increased support for treating juvenile offenders as adults and, especially in instances of more serious crimes, applying the same retributive punishments previously not applied to young offenders (Glassner 73). These findings show how not only are the medias sensationalized reporting of crime contributing to a false sense or reality for many people, but are also einforcing stereotypes and bigotry. Utilizing these preconceived ideas also intensifies the impact of fear found coverage. This sense of fear that the media is able to conjure up in certain situations can easily be manipulated by politicians and policymakers looking to gain some support. match to Glassner, the more imposing peop le are of crime the more likely they are to support more punitive justice administrations instead of rehabilitation programs. This is especially true with respect to juvenile offenders (72).Glassner further argues that it is interesting that as we cut into funding for educational, medical, and antipoverty programs we begin to grow more concerned about crime and there seems to be what he calls unacknowledged guilt about why crime now seems inevitable (72). While the media is often the target of criticism and blame it has been argued that generally the media mirrors national opinion and can be controlled by it (Gans 76). There is evidence however that particularly brutal crimes or large amounts of coverage of crime can shift public opinion somewhat.For example, polls show an increase in support for the death penalty following news of horrifying crimes (Gans 76). Gans believes that despite the fact that the news media is often thought of as having more power than it actually does it may have long-term effects on public opinion (88). So, even though the media of course cannot shift public opinion overnight in the long run a shift in coverage of sensationalized crime coverage can have long lasting effects of the political climate around crime policy.If the tone of the media is largely controlled by previously held notions of media consumers then how susceptibility the news media correct the public when its beliefs are erroneous? Chiricos examines the effect of righteous threats which something or someone becomes defined as a threat to societal set or norms (2). Moral panics are signaled by a rapid increase in the volume of media reporting and are often followed by political execute as the public feels that something must be done (Chiricos 60). Every so often crime and violence becomes the subject of a moral panic in America.Chiricos examines two moral panics occurring in the early to mid nineties crack cocaine and violent crime. Both of these stories where c overed in much the same bureau as inner-city problems leaving the ghettos and threatening the middle-class port of life (63). When this issue was framed as a direct threat to suburban America a moral panic followed. When crime was confined to urban areas and ghettos there was little to worry about until the perception became that crack and violence was spreading into areas that were considered to be safe.During this time 49 percent of Americans then said that crime was the most important issue facing the country compared to only 9 percent before the moral panic began to set in (Chiricos 64). The panic was further compounded by reports that these issues were spreading to children which Chiricos notes is a common component of the rise of a moral panic (65). The reaction to these panics was unsurprising. Panics are viewed as sudden problems and treated with fundamentally inappropriate solutions such as sending more people to prison and building more of them (Chiricos 67).Following mo ral panics, according to Chiricos, commands are issued by the public (71). The policy ramifications from these moral panics included 9. 7 billion dollars for more prisons, Californias three strikes program, and various repressing laws aimed at adults and children alike in many states (Chiricos 71). These examinations of the medias relationship with public opinion point out how in this age of information the media is an important factor in how we carry out our democracy and decide what issues are important.If this has become the case than there are serious concerns for how the media is serving democracy. Lawrence sees the media as an athletic field where problems are constructed and there is constant struggle between elites, groups, and the public seek to define and address problems (3). What constitutes a problem is socially constructed. This is also true of crime problems. Lawrence is concerned with how problems are socially constructed in the media because when something is defi ned as a problem facing the country power is conferred upon the social institutions we would likely look to deal with it (5).So, in the arena of the media if crime is framed by elites as stemming from the degradation of society or loss of opportunities for many people then programs and institutions organized for supporting the poor and communities give be empowered. However, the usual winners in this clash of frames typically define crime as an epidemic problem fueled by a justice system which is too soft on criminals. With this frame politicians must appear tough on crime and power is given to more punitive crime control policies and the prison-industrial complex flourishes as more and more money is spent on warehousing offenders.This further disempowers social welfare institutions as money spent on police and prisons cannot be spent on education, healthcare, or welfare programs. This struggle to define problems can be looked at as a clash of differing realities where immensely di fferent takes on issues exist but one is adopted by the media and then disseminated to the public (Lawrence 5). Lawrence says that the prevailing reality held by the most successful definers typically comes from officials within the government (5).There exists a close relationship between government officials and the news media. They are the primary definers and therefore the strongest factor in how we construct the reality of crime (Lawrence 5). This is unhealthy because, with the issue of crime in particular, officials are quick to define crime as an epidemic issue filled with fearful imagery and then act against criminals in draconian ways. When they construct a reality where they are needed to protect their constituents justice in harmed for the sake of political capital.This manipulation of reality and fear for the sake of power is addressed by Entman but with respect to the war on terror instead of crime and justice. He argues that the elite exert control by hegemony and index ing (4). Hegemony refers to the way officials release only information that supports the narrow reality that they seek to perpetuate and indexing is how the media reverberate this narrow debate among elites quite closely (Entman 5). With this control over public perception it is relatively easy for officials to frame issues such as crime or terrorism.When they win the battle to define a problem obvious remedies arise. If terrorism is framed as an attack on our way of life rather than a consequence of our projection of power across the globe then it follows that the remedy is defense and war. Similarly, if elites succeed in defining crime not as a consequence of lost economic opportunities but as a result of naturally deviant personalities then the reaction that follows is to lock up these defective personalities and isolate them from the rest of normal society. The way in which we think about various issues and problems directly affects how we deal with them.Most in society would s ay that the solution to problems is obvious because it is. What is missed however is the fact that how we think about problems can completely shift the ways in which we deal with them. In assemble to change policy then the first step is to change the perceptions and the reality surrounding it for officials and the public alike. Lakoff tells us that if we can reframe issues we can create social change (XV). When we change the way the public sees the world, largely through the media, and alter that perceived reality we can change the policies that follow.So why then does the media seem to be so concerned with violent crime and creating feelings of fear and anxiety in its consumers? The reason seems to be sensationalized journalism meant to increase viewership and a system where officials control our perceptions through the media. It needs to be understood that passive consumption of the media is unhealthy and we should think critically about how reality is constructed by elites and t he media because, that subjective reality directly affects the solutions that are used to deal with our problems.While so many people are given the impression that crime is rampant the underreported fact is that crime has been decreasing for many years. In order for there to be rational crime control policy in the United States we need to have accurate information about the reality of crime in this country. In order for this to happen the media must provide an accurate depiction of crime that is constructed by a fair debate in the public arena of the media. There is a lot at stake in how we perceive the world around us and how we think about crime and punishment.

Niche Market vs Mainstream Market

Niche Market vs Mainstream MarketA niche grocery is a focused, targetable portion of a grocery store. Niche markets tend to be sm completely but sanitary defined and specific segments of the state. The market segmentation can enumerate on the product universe sold and can vary based on the targeted audience based on price, quality or several(predicate)iation strategies. Since the targeted audiences be usu eachy small and well off, crimson though at that place is a specific portion, the profit margins be on the high end. Niche markets do not exist but are made by entrepreneurs, identifying the postulate and requirements which are not being met and then aiming to satisfy these with products or run.In a Mainstream Market, products and services appeal to a broader spectrum of the society, and the products and services are readily available to the general public. (Business dictionary, n.d.).In niche marketing, the company aims to sell to specific people and targets their p romotional test specifically to the needs of people not being met by mainstream and develops products and services which can be specifically customized and tailored to meet the needs of these individuals, resulting in a strong brand image. However low sales volumes are yielded in thisMainstream Marketing targets all the individuals and profits generated depend upon the quantity of products sold. The company tries to accommodate all the desires of the entire market into one product type. An other(a) advantage being that the producer can close d admit the market for other competitors. However different marketing mix strategies need to be enforced to reach target audiences as well as multiple products need to be produced. (Rangkuti, 2007)Four prosperous niche market occupationes in United Arab Emirates (UAE)Rolls Royce MotorsOwning a Rolls Royce is the ultimate show of wealth and claiming that a person has made it big. due to the immense oil wealth and hugely successful crinklees present in UAE, and the need to stand unwrap from others, this car brands major(ip) markets include UAE. The highly levels of craftsmanship, use of latest technologies and being bowl over built as well as unlimited customization opportunity which caters to all the desires and needs demanded by customers attracts the rich and wealthy to this brand. The fact that not e realbody can acquire this car, and special limited edition works being launched ensure that brand loyalty and image is strong. The opening of the worlds biggest showroom in Abu Dhabi has also helped to increase the customer gaiety and demand in this state of matter. (AGMC Rolls Royce, n.d.)Jumeirah Hotels and ResortsThe Jumeirah group is the leading hotels division and is one of the intimately luxurious and innovative targeting the rich and famous all across the world. The group has its own hotels in Dubai, London, New York and across the globe. Having its own training academy, The Jumeirah Academy of Hospitalit y Management, ensures that its entire staff is well trained and world class service is provided to its customers. The major attractions include Burj Al Arab, the worlds only seven star hotel and world restaurants and bars as well as complete A to Z services are made available at a phone call. Having world class Spas and the only themed amusement park in UAE have helped the group earn legion(predicate) international travel and tourism awards. (Jumeirah International LLC, 2008)Al Tayer InsigniaAl Tayer Insignia is the largest luxury retailer in Middle East and is headquartered in UAE. The brands portfolio includes Bvlgari, Boucheron, Bottega Veneta, Dolce Gabbana, Giorgio Armani, Gucci, Ligne Roset, and Yves Saint Laurent amongst others. payable to high net income available per person, people in UAE tend to prefer these luxury brands and the Al Tayer radical caters to their needs by under stand up the regions appreciation and needs of luxury and harnessing brand potential through s ystematic and timely investments. In fact, the Al Tayer group is the first to have license to operate Harvey Nicholas outside(a) UK and Bloomingdale outside USA. This attracts customers as they are assured that al the latest products are made available and the company employs over 1200 employees which embodies excellence in service across all the stores. (AL Tayer Group, 2010)Arabian AdventuresArabian Adventures is the leading destination management company of this region, catering to the needs of the local as well as tourist population by offering cruises, excursions, adventure tours, cultural bears as well as extreme sports opportunities. As it is a part of Emirates Group and has professional associates and 300 hundred permanent wave staff trained in 10 different languages. This high quality of service and vast array of activities which are offered under one roof attracts customers. uplifted levels of safety standards, creative approach, individual client customization of packa ges, in depth knowledge and value added services continue to attract clients and customers to this company. (Arabian Adventures, n.d.) p office stafftariat TWOPESTEL Analysis of tailor and changes that bequeath give rise to niche market opportunities in the next three years in UAEThe PESTEL Analysis testament be used to tumble the trends and changes. A detailed description and definition of PESTEL has been included in Appendix 1 for reference. The PESTEL model looks into the macroenvironment by looking into the following factors for considerationPOLITICAL The UAE has a very stable political environment and even though in that location is no democracy, the rulers have clear and established laws and policies which are favorable for attracting businesses and investment from abroad. This country has zero income tax and so is the reason for attracting a lot of investment from abroad. The setup of dedicated industrial, information and telecommunication and university zones encourages people to set up business as well as ensure a ready pool of talented and educated staff/employees are available.ECONOMICAL The global recession had a negative impact across the globe but UAE in particular was the least affected and hence is amongst the first countries to have successfully come out of it. Energy availability at a cheaper price compared with other countries is also a major factor for various industries to have been setup here as power is available with zero interruption. Interest rates are also low and finance is available at flexible terms in UAE. Due to the recent recession, banks and finances have shifted their attention to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) with the government also supporting the SME sector.SOCIAL The UAE population has a higher income per capita and consists of majority of expat population which has come to UAE seeking a better lifestyle. Hence, there is tendency to purchase goods which are considered a luxury back home and improve the lifestyle standards. The UAE is very cultural country and there is freedom for everybody to practice their culture freely, hence a lot of revenue is generated during Islamic festivals as well as Christmas and other much(prenominal) days of respected communities.TECHNOLOGICAL The UAE government is investing a lot in latest technologies and ensures that the latest is available to the public as well as businesses. In fact, SME businesses are offered for example high internet speeds and bandwidth to encourage them and special incentives are offered to those businesses which adapt green policies and techniques.ENVIORMENTAL UAE is the largest consumer of treated water and has the highest emissions per capita due to opinion on treated water as it is a desert and air conditioning which takes up a lot of energy. Hence businesses which tend to offer such services using fewer emissions are encouraged as well entire foodstuffs shops have the government backing to ensure healthy and fresh food is a vailable.LEGAL Clear and precise laws are written which encourage businesses as well as protect employee and employer rights and prevent any abuse. Any new build commercial or residential is required to have solar panel etc. to earn green credentials and be energy efficient or else not seek approval from government. Zero Tax on income and special funds for entrepreneurs and competitions are held to find such ensure that there is positive process in business every year.Four potential niche markets where small business might flourishThe first potential niche market is that of organic produce. As UAE is desert, fruits and vegetables grown here tend to be produced in artificial conditions to ensure cheap supply. By focusing on the health conscious population, and providing organic produce a good small business can be set up which has the potential to grow big if done properly proceed the green trend, the second market to be considered can be providing solar panels and alternative elec tricity sources for residential subject fields. The residents of UAE would wish to prefer to reduce their air-conditioning bills and this is a salaried area to focus.The third niche market can be considered of providing hand stitched luxury goods using exotic materials and ensuring limited supply as there are high margins to be earned in this area due to vast income available for expenditure in high net individuals.As there is vast majority of expats, conventional restaurants can be opened catering to the needs of any particular community as they would love to have traditional home cooked style meals. These do not have to be unnecessarily expensive, as greater profits can be earned through volumes sold. as well as the hectic and fast lifestyle will favor the restaurants offering take away as this will save a lot of time for people.TASK THREEentrepreneurAn entrepreneur is an individual who builds up capital, establishes a company or by organizing a venture to take benefitaof an opportunity through jeopardy or exercising an initiative. (Sulliavn, 2003) This word is a loan word from French and first defined by Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon.In other words an entrepreneur can be described as a person who is willing to set up a new organization or enterprise or company and take responsibility of whatever the outcome will be.An entrepreneur leads the company and by selecting appropriate managerial staff displays leadership skills. Good knotty management skills and the ability to build teams are essential qualities requiredEntrepreneurs emerge on demand as they seek opportunities and are well placed to extend to them and by doing so become leaders as they perceive that they amongst the few present who can analyses and solve the problems. Social composition of workplace and workplace peers are the most significant influence in an individuals decision to become entrepreneur. According to economist Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883-1950), entrepreneursaar e not necessarily motivated by profit butaregard it as a standard for measuring achievement or success. Schumpeter discovered that they greatly value self-reliance, strive for distinction through excellence, are highly optimistic, and always favor challenges of modal(a) try. (Business Dictionary, n.d.)There are various types of entrepreneurs, Social Entrepreneur who seeks to improve social, environmental, educational and economic conditions, Serial Entrepreneur who continuously comes up new reports and innovations, Lifestyle Entrepreneur who places passion before profit and Cooperative Entrepreneur who doesnt works alone but works in collaboration with other entrepreneurs amongst others.Entrepreneurship.The American Heritage Dictionary defines entrepreneur, to mean A person withinaa large corporation who takes directaresponsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.Entrepreneurs focus on research, innovation and cr eativity to transform an idea into a profitable venture while working within an organizational or such environment.Entrepreneurship is the act of behaving like an entrepreneur while working within a large organization. Entrepreneurs parting theasame traits as entrepreneurs such as conviction, zeal and insight andaas the entrepreneur continuesato expresses his ideasavigorously, it will strike the gap between the philosophy of the organization and the employee. If the organization supports him in pursuing his ideas, he succeeds and if not he is likely to leave and start his own organization.How the role of manager differs from that of an entrepreneur or an entrepreneur?An entrepreneur starts a business to fulfill his vision and has a personal stake in the business and takes the risk of the outcome whereas the manager provides his service in an organization already established by someone.An entrepreneur provides idea, a new solution to a problem, new idea whereas the manager in in ch arge of running the company, probably in the direction set by the entrepreneur or entrepreneur.There is a differenceain standing an entrepreneur is the owner of the company whereas the manager is an employee of the entrepreneur or his company. Also an entrepreneur is not induced to fall into fraudulent behavior whereas a manager might do so possibly to earn more or in coercion with rival firms.An entrepreneuradeals with faults and failures as a part of learning experience where asaa manageramake every effort to avoid mistakes and he postpones failure.Entrepreneur is required to have certain qualifications and qualities like highaaccomplishment motive, innovative thinking,aforethought, risk-bearing ability etc. Conversely its mandatory for a manager to be educated in the fields of managementatheories and practices.An entrepreneur can be a manager but a manager cannot be an entrepreneur. (Cite HR Padma Praveen, 2007)TASK FOURAs a sole trader setting up a small niche market business, o nline technologies will definitely be needed to be utilized to reach out to the target audience as well as achieve a greater share of the market than otherwise possible. After all, only a certain amount of foot traffic will come into the shop and does not guarantee good sales. In fact, in this modern age one does not even need to upon a retail front or shop and utilizing the Amazon business model run a successful business by just using networking.The web will be the primary method to tug the companys products as it is the most cost effective method to reach a wider audience. Most frequented websites such as news websites and social media websites can be contacted to place tickers, or pennon advertisements on them respectively which can ensure appropriate audience is reached.However the best way to utilize the web is to set up a website which not only displays the company products, gives contact numbers but also gives the opportunity to buy products online. This is the best way to j ump start a business without even opening a shop front. Optimum online security will be needed to put in place to ensure that credit/debit gameboard details are not lost and customers feel comfortable in using this facility. Also other payment methods such as PayPal can be used to offer wider opportunities. Cash on delivery can also be offered and some sort of loyalty program can be implemented to encourage sales and increase customer loyalty and bring customers back.Accounts or pages can be made on social media websites like Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn etc. which will help reach out to the younger generation and increase customer base. Constant updates and status changes will help generate hype about products being offered as well as online polls can be utilized to decide which colour or product type needs to be launched. This will ensure no bad inventory ends up at the end of every season. Also this will give the customers and potential clients to freely interact with the bus iness and have their queries answered and any complaints resolved directly. This will raise improve the brand image and increase sales.Mobile phones are a good medium to advertise the services and products and after paying a fee, set people can be sent SMSs or targeted with a certain income structure and so further increase the chance of guarantying a sale. Also with this modern age where internet is readily available on mobile phones and social media access everyone has, by utilizing such sites as mentioned before a greater audience can be targeted without any additional costs.These technologies definitely make existence easier for small and niche market businesses as the biggest advantage is of cost savings made. Just a small capital is needed and a upfront shop or display area is not necessarily required to start a business and run it. In fact using online marketing strategies a greater market share can be achieved as well as greater customer base targeted. Companies like Amazon have been widely successful using such online marketing techniques they stared off small targeting niche markets and due to rapid growth became large organizations.List of ReferencesAGMC Rolls Royce Information AGMC Rolls Royce, Online, Available http//www.rolls-roycemotorcars-agmc.com/information 28 lofty 2012.AL Tayer Group (2010) Our Companies, Online, Available http//www.altayer.com/CompanyDetail.aspx?cid=6 28 August 2012.Arabian Adventures intimately Us Arabian Adventures, Online, Available http//www.arabian-adventures.com/en/about-us/index.aspx 28 August 2012.Business Dictionary entreprenuer, Online, Available http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/entrepreneur.html 28 August 2012.Business Dictionary Mainstream, Online, Available http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mainstream.html 28 August 2012.Cite HR Padma Praveen (2007) Distinction between an Entrepreneur and a Manager, January, Online, Available http//www.citehr.com/23096-distinction-between-entrepreneur-m anager.html 28 August 2012.Jumeirah International LLC (2008) About Us jumeirah International LLC, Online, Available http//www.jumeirah.com/en/Jumeirah-Group/About-Jumeirah-Group/ 28 August 2012.Rangkuti, F. (2007) Understanding the difference between niche marketing and mass marketing, 23 September, Online, Available http//www.helium.com/items/609299-HYPERLINK http//www.helium.com/items/609299-understanding-the-difference-between-niche-marketing-and-mass-marketingunderstanding-the-difference-between-niche-marketing-and-mass-marketing 28 August 2012.Sulliavn, A. (2003) political economy Principles in action. , New Jearsey Pearson Prentice Hall.Ward, S. Niche Market, Online, Available http//sbinfocanada.about.com/cs/marketing/g/nichemarket.htm 28 August 2012.KAPLAN (2010) The PESTEL model, in P3 Business Analysis, Berkshire Kaplan financial.APPENDICES

Should Juvenile Offenders Be Treated Like Adults?

Should young Offenders Be Treated Like Adults?This paper is intended to inform readers on the history behind the jejune justice organization, the severity of the modern wrongdoer problem, the pros and cons of trying new-fashioneds as bighearteds, and views on the termination penalization denoteing youngs. This paper will as comfortably provide professional views as to why freshs should non be act as growns. Studies have shown that trying jejunes as adults is not only unwholesome to their well being but screw ca practise irreparable damage to them psychologic everyy and physically. Statistics have been provided that state that a teen that enters an adult prison house will be sexually or physically ab utilise during the first week.For most of the twentieth century, the miserable process of juveniles has been separate from adults and intended to be informal and confidential. However, the reality was that in return for these benefits, juveniles would receive few lega l sort outs and resistances. In the 1960s, when constitutional due process rights were revised for adults, the issue of procedural due process for juvenile offenders became much prominent. As the juvenile crime rate has increased, there has been a vocal response to prosecute juveniles accused of serious crimes as adults. With the number of juvenile offenders developing so has the severity of their crimes. Regardless of their age, the public expresses that those guilty of serious crimes should receive a serious punishment.This paper will show that juveniles should not be tried as adults because of lack of matureness, exposure to negative home environments, improper adult supervision, and opportunities to rehabilitate. Evidence will demonstrate that there ar multiple philosophies and measures being make up into motion to help deter crime involving juveniles, first and foremost, and treatments, methods and psychological personnel put into place to help rehabilitate juveniles from committing umbrages. The pros and cons of trying juveniles as adults will besides be discussed, showing that the cons outweigh the pros drastically.When creating the outline of our countrys justice system, our founding fathers probably did not think round the consequences of crimes affiliated by juveniles. At that time, children were considered their pargonnts property. When they committed a crime, their punishment was given at the discretion of their pargonnts. It is realistic to say that our founding fathers would have never considered severe punishments for young people. They believed that children were vulnerable, fragile, innocent and in need of protection and under sustaining.Juvenile procedures in the join States have become more(prenominal) adult like for all offenders. The justice system has adopted more compelling guidelines for juveniles, such(prenominal) as, mandatory or decisive sentences and more frequent transfers of juvenile offenders to adult solicits. The t wenty-first century has brought more significant changes in the utilization of the United States Juvenile Justice Policy. Changes that ar being referred to as the obvious increase in juvenile offenders being prosecuted and sentenced as if they were adults.From the start of the Juvenile Justice System, an important demarcation line has been set separating juveniles from criminal court. This boundary comes in the form of a justification that there ar important psychological differences between juveniles and adults and these differences are incited by the approach pattern process of kind development, age-relation, and legal relevance. Nevertheless, this boundary is only infringed in serious cases of disregard and when the juveniles age approaches the limit of the juvenile courts jurisdiction.Every state in the United States allows juveniles to be tried as adults in criminal court under sure conditions. thither are three general components that are used to come through these cond itions first, there is the Judicial Waiver, where a juvenile court judge may transfer the case to criminal court based on a pattern of conditions, including the seriousness of the umbrage, the maturity of the juvenile, and the likeliness that the juvenile will be rehabilitated. This foundation exists in most states with minimal differences in respect to the age limit for transfers. In other states, a presumptive exit process is followed, whereas, it is assumed appropriate to transfer a juvenile to criminal court unless the juvenile can sample that they have the ability to be rehabilitated. The final decision electrostatic is up to the judge but the burden of proof is on the juvenile.Second, there is Direct level practically referred to as Prosecutorial Discretion. A prosecutor at his discretion can file charges in either juvenile or criminal court. Finally, there is the statutory Exclusion, whatevertimes called Legislative Exclusion, Mandatory Transfer, or Automatic Transfer . In jurisdictions where this is recognized, certain categories of juveniles are automatically sent to criminal court. Age of the juvenile and the type of offense is the determination of these categories. Some states do allow what is called a reverse waiver, where a criminal court judge can transfer a case binding to juvenile court based on characteristics of the offender and the offense. Similar to the cases of presumptive waiver at bottom the juvenile court, the burden of proof in reverse waiver cases lies with the offender.The juvenile justice system in the United States has interpreted on a type of adjustment during the last several decades following the claim that juvenile offenders have received the same equal rights as adult offenders. In every jurisdiction of the United States, juvenile justice purifys have unevenly progressed with some jurisdictions being hesitant to change their juvenile codes and legal structures. Private interests have increasingly influenced the juve nile justice system. They are raising interest particularly in the correctional area. While this interest has shown to be helpful, provide constructive criticism, and also provide economical alternatives to public handgrip of juveniles, their interest has further made an already complicated juvenile justice system worse.Parens patriae has been described by some authors as the bedrock foundation of justifying the juvenile courts (Watkins, 1987). The juvenile justice system has proceeded for the most part according to the doctrine, parens patriae, as intervention in the lives of children violating certain statutory rectitudes. Several interventions have gradually been done away with when trying to meet the real need of children and helping toward criminal prosecutions. These allow in the intervention of due process, greater prosecutorial presence in juvenile court proceedings, and the courts functions that all together make the juvenile courts more criminalized. Cast in the conte xt of parens patriae as the family model of juvenile justice, which is found to have promised more that it can deliver. Watkins (1987) observes that the original child savers failed to foresee the inevitable skirmish between the rehabilitative dogmas of parens patriae and the social, political, and economic forces of todays culture that promote just deserts. Thus, Watkins (1987) notes, juvenile laws and the authority of juvenile courts have not only failed, but have been, in turn, undermined by and then allied with political, social, and economic forces at war with the rehabilitative ideal characteristic of early juvenile jurisprudence.Despite the fact that juvenile court has for the most part been traditionally a civil proceeding, various types of court reforms, sentencing changes, evidentiary standards, and modifications of juvenile rights are moving it into a more criminal format. Proposals are being offered by different professionals to unite the United States Court Systems and combine juvenile and criminal actions into one process. Those that disagree with court unification argue that the juvenile justice system should be held in tact even though they too favor certain reforms. Often these reforms emphasize greater accountability for ones actions, unheeding of age.The just deserts philosophy is well known in many another(prenominal) juvenile courts. The rehabilitative treatment centered philosophy, that has dominated the criminal justice system for part of the twentieth century, has gradually given way to the justice philosophy. The justice philosophy is associated with harsher punishments and handing down penalties for offenders according to the seriousness of their crimes. While a broader range of rights are being given to juveniles in juvenile courts, repetitive and serious juveniles are being moved to adult courts by the way of transfers and waiver.Measures that are being used today within the juvenile justice system to crack down on juveniles incl ude greater use of detention and the greater use of waivers to criminal courts. Overcrowding in juvenile detention centers should be a consideration even though it is expected and inevitable. The use of probation and give-and-take is considered to be the first and last origin to this problem. Placing limits on population in detention facilities sets precedence in system adjustments and responses that disturb in various ways the juvenile justice system as a whole.In all jurisdictions, pre-adjudication detention of juveniles is legally recognized. Those juveniles transferred to criminal courts are in an unpleasant position of being placed in jails, prisons, or detention centers with adults, where the hazard of sexual assault is great and the exposure to criminal activity, even in a prison setting, is severe. In several jurisdictions, the changing of laws requires instant transfers of juveniles to adult criminal courts. unity example is the Juvenile Offender Law of New York passed in 1978. This law provides instant transfers of juveniles to criminal court, when specific serious offenses are alleged. This law has also been passed in Illinois. Assessments of these instant transfer laws suggest that juveniles are held for longer periods of time while awaiting trial and that the services usually available to them in juvenile courts are nonexistent in adult proceedings. The loss of valuable services and the greater detention time while awaiting trail can be detrimental to juveniles and also show that the cost of transferring juveniles to adult courts far outweighs the potential financial and social benefits.Critics state that juvenile courts express that many current administrative expectations and trading operations are almost non-existent from those in adult criminal courts. Also, procedural screenings available in juvenile courts are less than satisfactory than those given to alleged adult offenders in criminal courts. Unquestionably, juveniles are considered to have the worst of both worlds.In most United States jurisdictions, there are currently many dispositional options available to juvenile judges. Several of these options include unofficial probation, referral to specific community agencies, warnings or case dismissals, waivers, detention hearings, and conditional punishments, such as community service and restitution. In capital of South Carolina County, Georgia, peer juries exist as an essential element of diversion programs, the program is design to hear charges against youths and adjudicate them according to the turn out presented. The peer juries consist of basketball team jurors under the age of seventeen, who are trained by juvenile court staff. Jury selections are made available through a list of these qualified youths. These peer juries have been proven to be capable of giving appropriate punishments in both non-serious and serious cases.In past decades, a gradual condemnation with the criminal justice system has occu rred. Citizens have received a strong degree of distrust with law enforcement, the courts, and corrections, and their abilities to process, punish, and manage offenders. The United States Supreme Court has take law enforcement officers to adhere to firmer standards in effectively making arrests of suspected criminals, as well as, in their procedures pertaining to seizing necessary evidence against these suspects. Ninety percent of all criminal convictions are obtained through plea bargains instead of going to trial and the use of probation as a sentence alternative is as high as seventy percent in several jurisdictions, also most offenders who are incarcerated serve only a portion of their sentences and are conditionally released on parole to relieve overcrowding. The public has voiced a c at a timern of how lax our criminal justice system has become towards offenders, and also how ubiquitous the entire system is.One reaction to this laxity has been the arrival of the get tough mov ement, brought about by modifications made to sentences imposed on adults convicted of serious crimes. These sentences may include longer prison terms, heavier fines and other monetary penalties. There has been a noticeable spillover of this movement into the juvenile justice system.Despite trends and estimates of juvenile offense patterns and inconsistencies and inconclusive statistics, juvenile court reform has been exasperated and continued into the 1990s. It also shows few signs of decreasing. Although the get tough constitution toward juveniles is supported by most jurisdictions, greater detention times and incarceration of youths has not proven to be a remedy for rehabilitating them or reducing their regression. Because of inconsistencies in study findings and familiar outcomes of detention programs, such as, therapeutic juvenile interventions, many states are currently reexamining their detention policies for minors and reducing their reliance on detention as a form of punis hment.Among the sarcastic factors that have contributed to these inconsistencies and distinctive juvenile offense trends, there has been a disappointment with conventional juvenile treatments such as diversion, probation, short-term detention and parole, an apparent psychological collateral of juvenile violence that rests beyond the boundaries of conventional treatment methods, and a assortment of descriptive and reporting methods and the changing of laws within jurisdictions as consistent means of documenting deviating juveniles.Compared to adult courts, juvenile courts are clean limited to the types of sanctions they may impose for even the most violent juvenile offenders. Criminal courts in a majority of jurisdictions may impose the death penalty on adult offenders convicted of capital crimes. No United States Juvenile Court has this type of jurisdiction and sanctioning option available. Even detention sanctions that may be applied by juvenile judges have certain structural lim itations.Once juveniles reach a certain age, eighteen in some states and 21 in others, they are no longer within the parameters of juvenile courts and in most instances leave the juvenile system. They also now have clean records as adults. Their juvenile records are not necessarily dismissed, but for all pragmatic purposes they begin their adult life with no criminal record.When decisions made by juvenile judges are examined, to determine the nature and types of punishments reviewed when juvenile offenders are adjudicated as a delinquent, these decisions often show a pattern of leniency. These leniencies may come from vacillation to contribute to labeling juvenile offenders as delinquent. However, it is often traced to additional factors such as prison overcrowding, excessive probation officer caseloads, the lack of adequate juvenile monitoring programs and methods to delay track of increasing numbers of youthful offenders. It also may be a simple matter of not being able to affo rd the falsehood of costly punishments whenever they are demanded. The difficulty of these situations puts judges in a complicated position and they are left to have to deal with juveniles leniently, even the violent ones. some of the same views are shared and raised concerning when juveniles are sent into adult courts and the differences about distinguishing their ages and that it may leave them inadequate to defend themselves in those courts. Current discussions about transfer policies are commonly not about the offenders attributes but about the gravity of the act and the juveniles harmfulness. These factors are based on the age or maturity of the offender. As the juvenile justice policy, which mainly focused on offenders has recently shifted to an offense based focus. Several issues have arisen as part of the transfer argument. These include moral, legal, political, and practical issues.It should also be stated and not forgotten that the fact that some crimes are committed by i ndividuals are not developmentally mature. There should be a boundary between adults and adolescents when it comes to punishment. From a developmental psychology perspective, a passably punishment for an adult may not be fair when given to a juvenile who does not understand the consequences of their actions, severity of their crime or who was unable to gain control over their behavior.The ways that people take in and apply laws should lawfully differ when the case involves a defendant who has limited understanding of the law because of intellectual immaturity or who has impaired judgment because of aflame immaturity. When the offender is of a young age, the presumptions and outcomes of administering a harsh punishment vary differently when the juvenile is an adult. Opinions of people may differ, but age should be considered in decisions concerning transfer, adjudication, and sentencing. This is to say that if one is willing to acknowledge that the age of the offender does matter, an un-biased developmental perspective is needed to make informed decisions about age should be taken into account (Steinberg, 2000).More emphasis should be placed on the age a juvenile should be before transferring to adult court. Juveniles younger than thirteen should lodge in juvenile court irrespective of the crime. It is a belief that regardless of the nature of their offense, individuals under the age of thirteen should be viewed as juveniles due to mental capacity and maturity. Also, it is appropriate to conclude that the majority of juveniles older than sixteen are not that much different from adults in ways that would prohibit fair adjudication within the criminal justice system. The difference among juveniles between the ages of thirteen and sixteen requires that some sort of individualized assessment be completed of the offender to determine competence to stand trial, blameworthiness, and admittance to treatment be made before reaching a transfer decision. If the justi ce system does not consider age as a factor, then boundaries are drawn. Research completed on juvenile developments strongly stands against transfer policies that are based on the offense rather than the offender and argues that policies based on the offender allows the justice system to exercise judgment about a juvenile offenders maturity level and eligibility for transfer. It is considered a bad policy legislatively from a developmental perspective to transfer cases based solely on the offense.Unfortunately, this undesirable policy is becoming increasingly common. The contradiction of utilizing a developmental perspective in the analysis of transfer policies is that the exercise makes known the characteristic inadequacies of the policies that draw obvious distinctions between adolescence and adulthood. An analysis of the developmental literature definitely shows that a difference among adolescents of a given chronological age is the rule rather than the exception. Steinberg (2000 ) calls for a fair transfer policy to accommodate such variability as recommendations from developmental perspectives. One way to do this is to make sure that judges, juries, and law personnel have solid and complete background information about a juvenile and their adolescent development and the flexibility of utilizing this information when making decisions about a juveniles fate that may have lifelong consequences. As for the flexibility, one can only rely on the wisdom of policymakers.Sitting next to a juvenile on trial in an adult courtroom provides numerous reminders that, regardless of what that juvenile has been involved in, they are still a child. Defendants are supposed to elect whether they want a jury or a judge trial, a serious decision that requires weighing many factors (Nakaya, 2005). Even though, defendants are generally required to assist with their defense and advised their attorneys in different aspects of their cases, a juvenile will probably decide on a jury me mber because of their dress color or because they may look like someone they know.The juvenile justice system is supposed to concentrate on reforming youth offenders not letting them rot behind bars (Nakaya, 2005). Rehabilitation is the key when it comes to juveniles. They do not have the maturity level, knowledge or self-control that we would see in an adult offender. It can be said that juveniles do not understand the consequences of their actions. When juveniles are sent to adult court, the background of why they may have committed these dramatic or dangerous acts needs to be evaluated to understand why they committed their crime. Often there are extenuating circumstances from a juveniles past that has contributed to the why.Juveniles are not adults by any means and trying them in a court of law does not make them one. When juveniles are tried in adult criminal court, it does not give them the privileges of voting or drinking. They are still minors. They are developmentally less mature and responsible, more impulsive, erratic and vulnerable to negative peer pressure. As human beings, they are still active plant in progress.Across the country, the responses of lawmakers, in regards to the rise in violent juvenile crimes, have been to create stricter laws. Many states have passed laws making it easier to try and convict a juvenile as an adult and have also toughen penalties for juveniles with guns. Some states have also developed training prisons for young offenders and a new federal official crime bill tries to deter juvenile crime by making it a federal crime for anyone under age eighteen to purchase, possess, or use a gun. Supporters of these laws voice that the punishment fit the crime, even if the crime is committed by a juvenile. On June 16th, 1944, South Carolina executed George Stinney. He was fourteen days old, the youngest person ever executed in the United States. Stinney, who was black, was convicted of murdering two clean-living girls, Betty B innicker, and Mary Emma Thames, with a railroad spike. His trial lasted only three hours, and the all white jury deliberated for only ten minutes before sentencing him to death by electric chair. At Stinneys execution, the prison guards had a difficult time strapping him into the chair. During the burning at the stake process, the electric jolt shook the mask off his head. Is this really the way juveniles should be treated. The death penalty is not an option when trying juveniles for serious crimes. It is not only immoral but also inhuman.When it comes to death penalty issues, scientists views are that a juveniles brain changes dramatically and this may be accountable for hasty and often irrational behavior of some juveniles demonstrating that adolescents are less liable than adults. This is strongly countered by victim advocacy groups claiming that it is just an effort by the community that opposes the death penalty to use science in debating their positions. Most juveniles who co mmit murder realize that their actions were fallacious because they often try to hide or destroy evidence in order to avoid getting caught. Additionally, most family members of murder victims do not think a persons age, at the time of the crime, should answer in a lighter sentence. Focusing on the heinousness of the crime, many people have no regards to how old the offender is.Problems that occur within the family setting of juveniles that have an impact of crimes they commit include divorce or separation, working single parents, single parent families, lack of adult supervision, parental rejection of the juvenile, juvenile rejection of the parent, and the different views between parents and teens increases the risk that the teen may try to distance themselves from the parents in order to establish their own self. Other problems that may occur and cause juveniles to become delinquent are children spending more time with their friends than family, gangs or peer acceptance, drugs and weapons use have increased among juveniles as a way to solve their problems, illicit and explicit sex activity and violence in the media, and also the impact the media has influenced with the introduction of computers and violent video games. Who should be held liable for the negligent behavior a juvenile commits, the parents or monastic order? It is believed that parents, who knowingly or recklessly allow their children to commit crimes of violent natures, should be held legally liable. Today without special educational programs in child development and parenting groups many of our future parents will contribute to juvenile delinquency by merely not knowing how to be parents.In order to take a stand on the subject, the pros and cons of the argument on whether juveniles should be punished the same way as adults are judicious and worth reviewing. Developmental research should be hear and considered even though policies on juvenile justice have become tougher against juvenile offen ders. On the other hand, people pushing for tougher punishments on juveniles have already succeeded for the most part with most states in the United States adopting a more disciplinary response to juvenile offenders and their offenses. Studies have shown that harsher penalties and punishments for juveniles do not necessarily result in lower crime rates when the juveniles complete their sentences and are released back into the world. Trying juveniles as adults may be doing more harm than good.This research paper, on one hand, appreciates the progressive responses of the juvenile law on offenders despite the get tough policy that gathers resistance and argument. While many have argue that it is right for a juvenile to be punished as an adult, this author disagrees that the United States laws on juvenile justice has not provided an equal response to the growing concern of juvenile offenders. It is unconstitutional to include juveniles as adults in adult courts because children lack cog nizance of the crimes in which they have committed. The population should be considerate and offender-focused at certain times about this juvenile justice argument. The author also found reasonable argument of recommending a uniform juvenile justice policy by specifying age limits for juvenile transfers. This is for the reason that there is an apparent unspecified offenders age homogeneous to all jurisdictions on this matter. Through specification of a juveniles age, the boundary that was once posted between juveniles and adults will be somehow redefined. In this way, we are taking stances from both sides of the argument with an aim of suggesting a better solution to this critical contemporary issue of juvenile offending.

From Boy to Man :: Example Personal Narratives

From Boy to Man       It was December 26, 2002, a day that will run low in my mind forever. I had just gotten my license three days before, and all I could think about was driving around with my friends and enjoying the thought that I was actually free to go wherever I wanted, and whenever I wanted. My vehicle was a 1994 Dodge. It was the family car that had been passed down. It had gone through my father, brother, and finally down to me. It was a okay piece of machinery, to me anyway. The stereo had five stations but no tape player. The van had cruise control, but that took a long time to work. I would commonly have to try it four or five times before I could ever get it to work.       It had s immediatelyed a couple of days before, so the roadstead were okay, but they still had some snow and ice on them. Since I had my license for three days, I had already been through all the weather that graven image could throw at me, so I knew t hat I was a driving expert. All the times before, in drivers ed., I had driven in the rain, in straightlaced weather, mostly anything, but I was not prepared for what was going to happen on this day.       I picked up two of my non-driving friends because I was considered to be cool now that I could drive around without my parents. We decided that we should go to McDonalds to celebrate my achievements. I had my normal 9 with a Coke, and I forget what they got, but thats really not important. After McDonalds we decided to go out and just be teenagers, which included driving around, looking for chicks to drool over, and all the while I am thinking, wherefore didnt I get my license at age 12? This is a breeze. We went out to McNeil Road to go by my old school, just to laugh at it, but something went wrong.       Since it had snowed a couple of days before, the roads were worse than I had ever encountered during drivers ed. The snow was blo wing back and forth on the road.

Old Messages Brought To Life Essay -- essays research papers

Old Messages Brought to LifeTodays world needs to be taught the old messages of life. We have so many different religions that preach the aforementioned(prenominal) things. All are of one or more supreme beings and their teachings. Across this world it is the same messages and yet we fight one another, because my god of love is remedy then your god of love. The basic human problems are even the same we all call these situations sin. Is it possible to change the world and it beliefs? One must make with their self and realize that the basic rules for life. Laws condition the manifest cosmea and life on earth. There are inviolable laws of life that govern all aspects of worldly life and determine the destiny of each individual. Understanding the first three or four help you to understand the rest.They cannot be ignored without inviting negative consequences. It is thusly important that one understands these laws and observes them. The whole universe is permeated with divine presen ce. Therefore one should deal with every object in it as if one is dealing with oneself or with "God". Everyones god is omnipresent and omniscient in each religious persons eyes. Everything in this universe is sacred because it is filled with the presence of this Supreme Being. Everything in this universe is therefore a divine entity and should be treated as such.     Those who seek harmony and peace in life understand this principle very considerably and treat every thing in the worl...