Niche Market vs Mainstream Market

Niche Market vs Mainstream MarketA niche grocery is a focused, targetable portion of a grocery store. Niche markets tend to be sm completely but sanitary defined and specific segments of the state. The market segmentation can enumerate on the product universe sold and can vary based on the targeted audience based on price, quality or several(predicate)iation strategies. Since the targeted audiences be usu eachy small and well off, crimson though at that place is a specific portion, the profit margins be on the high end. Niche markets do not exist but are made by entrepreneurs, identifying the postulate and requirements which are not being met and then aiming to satisfy these with products or run.In a Mainstream Market, products and services appeal to a broader spectrum of the society, and the products and services are readily available to the general public. (Business dictionary, n.d.).In niche marketing, the company aims to sell to specific people and targets their p romotional test specifically to the needs of people not being met by mainstream and develops products and services which can be specifically customized and tailored to meet the needs of these individuals, resulting in a strong brand image. However low sales volumes are yielded in thisMainstream Marketing targets all the individuals and profits generated depend upon the quantity of products sold. The company tries to accommodate all the desires of the entire market into one product type. An other(a) advantage being that the producer can close d admit the market for other competitors. However different marketing mix strategies need to be enforced to reach target audiences as well as multiple products need to be produced. (Rangkuti, 2007)Four prosperous niche market occupationes in United Arab Emirates (UAE)Rolls Royce MotorsOwning a Rolls Royce is the ultimate show of wealth and claiming that a person has made it big. due to the immense oil wealth and hugely successful crinklees present in UAE, and the need to stand unwrap from others, this car brands major(ip) markets include UAE. The highly levels of craftsmanship, use of latest technologies and being bowl over built as well as unlimited customization opportunity which caters to all the desires and needs demanded by customers attracts the rich and wealthy to this brand. The fact that not e realbody can acquire this car, and special limited edition works being launched ensure that brand loyalty and image is strong. The opening of the worlds biggest showroom in Abu Dhabi has also helped to increase the customer gaiety and demand in this state of matter. (AGMC Rolls Royce, n.d.)Jumeirah Hotels and ResortsThe Jumeirah group is the leading hotels division and is one of the intimately luxurious and innovative targeting the rich and famous all across the world. The group has its own hotels in Dubai, London, New York and across the globe. Having its own training academy, The Jumeirah Academy of Hospitalit y Management, ensures that its entire staff is well trained and world class service is provided to its customers. The major attractions include Burj Al Arab, the worlds only seven star hotel and world restaurants and bars as well as complete A to Z services are made available at a phone call. Having world class Spas and the only themed amusement park in UAE have helped the group earn legion(predicate) international travel and tourism awards. (Jumeirah International LLC, 2008)Al Tayer InsigniaAl Tayer Insignia is the largest luxury retailer in Middle East and is headquartered in UAE. The brands portfolio includes Bvlgari, Boucheron, Bottega Veneta, Dolce Gabbana, Giorgio Armani, Gucci, Ligne Roset, and Yves Saint Laurent amongst others. payable to high net income available per person, people in UAE tend to prefer these luxury brands and the Al Tayer radical caters to their needs by under stand up the regions appreciation and needs of luxury and harnessing brand potential through s ystematic and timely investments. In fact, the Al Tayer group is the first to have license to operate Harvey Nicholas outside(a) UK and Bloomingdale outside USA. This attracts customers as they are assured that al the latest products are made available and the company employs over 1200 employees which embodies excellence in service across all the stores. (AL Tayer Group, 2010)Arabian AdventuresArabian Adventures is the leading destination management company of this region, catering to the needs of the local as well as tourist population by offering cruises, excursions, adventure tours, cultural bears as well as extreme sports opportunities. As it is a part of Emirates Group and has professional associates and 300 hundred permanent wave staff trained in 10 different languages. This high quality of service and vast array of activities which are offered under one roof attracts customers. uplifted levels of safety standards, creative approach, individual client customization of packa ges, in depth knowledge and value added services continue to attract clients and customers to this company. (Arabian Adventures, n.d.) p office stafftariat TWOPESTEL Analysis of tailor and changes that bequeath give rise to niche market opportunities in the next three years in UAEThe PESTEL Analysis testament be used to tumble the trends and changes. A detailed description and definition of PESTEL has been included in Appendix 1 for reference. The PESTEL model looks into the macroenvironment by looking into the following factors for considerationPOLITICAL The UAE has a very stable political environment and even though in that location is no democracy, the rulers have clear and established laws and policies which are favorable for attracting businesses and investment from abroad. This country has zero income tax and so is the reason for attracting a lot of investment from abroad. The setup of dedicated industrial, information and telecommunication and university zones encourages people to set up business as well as ensure a ready pool of talented and educated staff/employees are available.ECONOMICAL The global recession had a negative impact across the globe but UAE in particular was the least affected and hence is amongst the first countries to have successfully come out of it. Energy availability at a cheaper price compared with other countries is also a major factor for various industries to have been setup here as power is available with zero interruption. Interest rates are also low and finance is available at flexible terms in UAE. Due to the recent recession, banks and finances have shifted their attention to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) with the government also supporting the SME sector.SOCIAL The UAE population has a higher income per capita and consists of majority of expat population which has come to UAE seeking a better lifestyle. Hence, there is tendency to purchase goods which are considered a luxury back home and improve the lifestyle standards. The UAE is very cultural country and there is freedom for everybody to practice their culture freely, hence a lot of revenue is generated during Islamic festivals as well as Christmas and other much(prenominal) days of respected communities.TECHNOLOGICAL The UAE government is investing a lot in latest technologies and ensures that the latest is available to the public as well as businesses. In fact, SME businesses are offered for example high internet speeds and bandwidth to encourage them and special incentives are offered to those businesses which adapt green policies and techniques.ENVIORMENTAL UAE is the largest consumer of treated water and has the highest emissions per capita due to opinion on treated water as it is a desert and air conditioning which takes up a lot of energy. Hence businesses which tend to offer such services using fewer emissions are encouraged as well entire foodstuffs shops have the government backing to ensure healthy and fresh food is a vailable.LEGAL Clear and precise laws are written which encourage businesses as well as protect employee and employer rights and prevent any abuse. Any new build commercial or residential is required to have solar panel etc. to earn green credentials and be energy efficient or else not seek approval from government. Zero Tax on income and special funds for entrepreneurs and competitions are held to find such ensure that there is positive process in business every year.Four potential niche markets where small business might flourishThe first potential niche market is that of organic produce. As UAE is desert, fruits and vegetables grown here tend to be produced in artificial conditions to ensure cheap supply. By focusing on the health conscious population, and providing organic produce a good small business can be set up which has the potential to grow big if done properly proceed the green trend, the second market to be considered can be providing solar panels and alternative elec tricity sources for residential subject fields. The residents of UAE would wish to prefer to reduce their air-conditioning bills and this is a salaried area to focus.The third niche market can be considered of providing hand stitched luxury goods using exotic materials and ensuring limited supply as there are high margins to be earned in this area due to vast income available for expenditure in high net individuals.As there is vast majority of expats, conventional restaurants can be opened catering to the needs of any particular community as they would love to have traditional home cooked style meals. These do not have to be unnecessarily expensive, as greater profits can be earned through volumes sold. as well as the hectic and fast lifestyle will favor the restaurants offering take away as this will save a lot of time for people.TASK THREEentrepreneurAn entrepreneur is an individual who builds up capital, establishes a company or by organizing a venture to take benefitaof an opportunity through jeopardy or exercising an initiative. (Sulliavn, 2003) This word is a loan word from French and first defined by Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon.In other words an entrepreneur can be described as a person who is willing to set up a new organization or enterprise or company and take responsibility of whatever the outcome will be.An entrepreneur leads the company and by selecting appropriate managerial staff displays leadership skills. Good knotty management skills and the ability to build teams are essential qualities requiredEntrepreneurs emerge on demand as they seek opportunities and are well placed to extend to them and by doing so become leaders as they perceive that they amongst the few present who can analyses and solve the problems. Social composition of workplace and workplace peers are the most significant influence in an individuals decision to become entrepreneur. According to economist Joseph Alois Schumpeter (1883-1950), entrepreneursaar e not necessarily motivated by profit butaregard it as a standard for measuring achievement or success. Schumpeter discovered that they greatly value self-reliance, strive for distinction through excellence, are highly optimistic, and always favor challenges of modal(a) try. (Business Dictionary, n.d.)There are various types of entrepreneurs, Social Entrepreneur who seeks to improve social, environmental, educational and economic conditions, Serial Entrepreneur who continuously comes up new reports and innovations, Lifestyle Entrepreneur who places passion before profit and Cooperative Entrepreneur who doesnt works alone but works in collaboration with other entrepreneurs amongst others.Entrepreneurship.The American Heritage Dictionary defines entrepreneur, to mean A person withinaa large corporation who takes directaresponsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.Entrepreneurs focus on research, innovation and cr eativity to transform an idea into a profitable venture while working within an organizational or such environment.Entrepreneurship is the act of behaving like an entrepreneur while working within a large organization. Entrepreneurs parting theasame traits as entrepreneurs such as conviction, zeal and insight andaas the entrepreneur continuesato expresses his ideasavigorously, it will strike the gap between the philosophy of the organization and the employee. If the organization supports him in pursuing his ideas, he succeeds and if not he is likely to leave and start his own organization.How the role of manager differs from that of an entrepreneur or an entrepreneur?An entrepreneur starts a business to fulfill his vision and has a personal stake in the business and takes the risk of the outcome whereas the manager provides his service in an organization already established by someone.An entrepreneur provides idea, a new solution to a problem, new idea whereas the manager in in ch arge of running the company, probably in the direction set by the entrepreneur or entrepreneur.There is a differenceain standing an entrepreneur is the owner of the company whereas the manager is an employee of the entrepreneur or his company. Also an entrepreneur is not induced to fall into fraudulent behavior whereas a manager might do so possibly to earn more or in coercion with rival firms.An entrepreneuradeals with faults and failures as a part of learning experience where asaa manageramake every effort to avoid mistakes and he postpones failure.Entrepreneur is required to have certain qualifications and qualities like highaaccomplishment motive, innovative thinking,aforethought, risk-bearing ability etc. Conversely its mandatory for a manager to be educated in the fields of managementatheories and practices.An entrepreneur can be a manager but a manager cannot be an entrepreneur. (Cite HR Padma Praveen, 2007)TASK FOURAs a sole trader setting up a small niche market business, o nline technologies will definitely be needed to be utilized to reach out to the target audience as well as achieve a greater share of the market than otherwise possible. After all, only a certain amount of foot traffic will come into the shop and does not guarantee good sales. In fact, in this modern age one does not even need to upon a retail front or shop and utilizing the Amazon business model run a successful business by just using networking.The web will be the primary method to tug the companys products as it is the most cost effective method to reach a wider audience. Most frequented websites such as news websites and social media websites can be contacted to place tickers, or pennon advertisements on them respectively which can ensure appropriate audience is reached.However the best way to utilize the web is to set up a website which not only displays the company products, gives contact numbers but also gives the opportunity to buy products online. This is the best way to j ump start a business without even opening a shop front. Optimum online security will be needed to put in place to ensure that credit/debit gameboard details are not lost and customers feel comfortable in using this facility. Also other payment methods such as PayPal can be used to offer wider opportunities. Cash on delivery can also be offered and some sort of loyalty program can be implemented to encourage sales and increase customer loyalty and bring customers back.Accounts or pages can be made on social media websites like Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn etc. which will help reach out to the younger generation and increase customer base. Constant updates and status changes will help generate hype about products being offered as well as online polls can be utilized to decide which colour or product type needs to be launched. This will ensure no bad inventory ends up at the end of every season. Also this will give the customers and potential clients to freely interact with the bus iness and have their queries answered and any complaints resolved directly. This will raise improve the brand image and increase sales.Mobile phones are a good medium to advertise the services and products and after paying a fee, set people can be sent SMSs or targeted with a certain income structure and so further increase the chance of guarantying a sale. Also with this modern age where internet is readily available on mobile phones and social media access everyone has, by utilizing such sites as mentioned before a greater audience can be targeted without any additional costs.These technologies definitely make existence easier for small and niche market businesses as the biggest advantage is of cost savings made. Just a small capital is needed and a upfront shop or display area is not necessarily required to start a business and run it. In fact using online marketing strategies a greater market share can be achieved as well as greater customer base targeted. Companies like Amazon have been widely successful using such online marketing techniques they stared off small targeting niche markets and due to rapid growth became large organizations.List of ReferencesAGMC Rolls Royce Information AGMC Rolls Royce, Online, Available http//www.rolls-roycemotorcars-agmc.com/information 28 lofty 2012.AL Tayer Group (2010) Our Companies, Online, Available http//www.altayer.com/CompanyDetail.aspx?cid=6 28 August 2012.Arabian Adventures intimately Us Arabian Adventures, Online, Available http//www.arabian-adventures.com/en/about-us/index.aspx 28 August 2012.Business Dictionary entreprenuer, Online, Available http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/entrepreneur.html 28 August 2012.Business Dictionary Mainstream, Online, Available http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/mainstream.html 28 August 2012.Cite HR Padma Praveen (2007) Distinction between an Entrepreneur and a Manager, January, Online, Available http//www.citehr.com/23096-distinction-between-entrepreneur-m anager.html 28 August 2012.Jumeirah International LLC (2008) About Us jumeirah International LLC, Online, Available http//www.jumeirah.com/en/Jumeirah-Group/About-Jumeirah-Group/ 28 August 2012.Rangkuti, F. (2007) Understanding the difference between niche marketing and mass marketing, 23 September, Online, Available http//www.helium.com/items/609299-HYPERLINK http//www.helium.com/items/609299-understanding-the-difference-between-niche-marketing-and-mass-marketingunderstanding-the-difference-between-niche-marketing-and-mass-marketing 28 August 2012.Sulliavn, A. (2003) political economy Principles in action. , New Jearsey Pearson Prentice Hall.Ward, S. Niche Market, Online, Available http//sbinfocanada.about.com/cs/marketing/g/nichemarket.htm 28 August 2012.KAPLAN (2010) The PESTEL model, in P3 Business Analysis, Berkshire Kaplan financial.APPENDICES

Should Juvenile Offenders Be Treated Like Adults?

Should young Offenders Be Treated Like Adults?This paper is intended to inform readers on the history behind the jejune justice organization, the severity of the modern wrongdoer problem, the pros and cons of trying new-fashioneds as bighearteds, and views on the termination penalization denoteing youngs. This paper will as comfortably provide professional views as to why freshs should non be act as growns. Studies have shown that trying jejunes as adults is not only unwholesome to their well being but screw ca practise irreparable damage to them psychologic everyy and physically. Statistics have been provided that state that a teen that enters an adult prison house will be sexually or physically ab utilise during the first week.For most of the twentieth century, the miserable process of juveniles has been separate from adults and intended to be informal and confidential. However, the reality was that in return for these benefits, juveniles would receive few lega l sort outs and resistances. In the 1960s, when constitutional due process rights were revised for adults, the issue of procedural due process for juvenile offenders became much prominent. As the juvenile crime rate has increased, there has been a vocal response to prosecute juveniles accused of serious crimes as adults. With the number of juvenile offenders developing so has the severity of their crimes. Regardless of their age, the public expresses that those guilty of serious crimes should receive a serious punishment.This paper will show that juveniles should not be tried as adults because of lack of matureness, exposure to negative home environments, improper adult supervision, and opportunities to rehabilitate. Evidence will demonstrate that there ar multiple philosophies and measures being make up into motion to help deter crime involving juveniles, first and foremost, and treatments, methods and psychological personnel put into place to help rehabilitate juveniles from committing umbrages. The pros and cons of trying juveniles as adults will besides be discussed, showing that the cons outweigh the pros drastically.When creating the outline of our countrys justice system, our founding fathers probably did not think round the consequences of crimes affiliated by juveniles. At that time, children were considered their pargonnts property. When they committed a crime, their punishment was given at the discretion of their pargonnts. It is realistic to say that our founding fathers would have never considered severe punishments for young people. They believed that children were vulnerable, fragile, innocent and in need of protection and under sustaining.Juvenile procedures in the join States have become more(prenominal) adult like for all offenders. The justice system has adopted more compelling guidelines for juveniles, such(prenominal) as, mandatory or decisive sentences and more frequent transfers of juvenile offenders to adult solicits. The t wenty-first century has brought more significant changes in the utilization of the United States Juvenile Justice Policy. Changes that ar being referred to as the obvious increase in juvenile offenders being prosecuted and sentenced as if they were adults.From the start of the Juvenile Justice System, an important demarcation line has been set separating juveniles from criminal court. This boundary comes in the form of a justification that there ar important psychological differences between juveniles and adults and these differences are incited by the approach pattern process of kind development, age-relation, and legal relevance. Nevertheless, this boundary is only infringed in serious cases of disregard and when the juveniles age approaches the limit of the juvenile courts jurisdiction.Every state in the United States allows juveniles to be tried as adults in criminal court under sure conditions. thither are three general components that are used to come through these cond itions first, there is the Judicial Waiver, where a juvenile court judge may transfer the case to criminal court based on a pattern of conditions, including the seriousness of the umbrage, the maturity of the juvenile, and the likeliness that the juvenile will be rehabilitated. This foundation exists in most states with minimal differences in respect to the age limit for transfers. In other states, a presumptive exit process is followed, whereas, it is assumed appropriate to transfer a juvenile to criminal court unless the juvenile can sample that they have the ability to be rehabilitated. The final decision electrostatic is up to the judge but the burden of proof is on the juvenile.Second, there is Direct level practically referred to as Prosecutorial Discretion. A prosecutor at his discretion can file charges in either juvenile or criminal court. Finally, there is the statutory Exclusion, whatevertimes called Legislative Exclusion, Mandatory Transfer, or Automatic Transfer . In jurisdictions where this is recognized, certain categories of juveniles are automatically sent to criminal court. Age of the juvenile and the type of offense is the determination of these categories. Some states do allow what is called a reverse waiver, where a criminal court judge can transfer a case binding to juvenile court based on characteristics of the offender and the offense. Similar to the cases of presumptive waiver at bottom the juvenile court, the burden of proof in reverse waiver cases lies with the offender.The juvenile justice system in the United States has interpreted on a type of adjustment during the last several decades following the claim that juvenile offenders have received the same equal rights as adult offenders. In every jurisdiction of the United States, juvenile justice purifys have unevenly progressed with some jurisdictions being hesitant to change their juvenile codes and legal structures. Private interests have increasingly influenced the juve nile justice system. They are raising interest particularly in the correctional area. While this interest has shown to be helpful, provide constructive criticism, and also provide economical alternatives to public handgrip of juveniles, their interest has further made an already complicated juvenile justice system worse.Parens patriae has been described by some authors as the bedrock foundation of justifying the juvenile courts (Watkins, 1987). The juvenile justice system has proceeded for the most part according to the doctrine, parens patriae, as intervention in the lives of children violating certain statutory rectitudes. Several interventions have gradually been done away with when trying to meet the real need of children and helping toward criminal prosecutions. These allow in the intervention of due process, greater prosecutorial presence in juvenile court proceedings, and the courts functions that all together make the juvenile courts more criminalized. Cast in the conte xt of parens patriae as the family model of juvenile justice, which is found to have promised more that it can deliver. Watkins (1987) observes that the original child savers failed to foresee the inevitable skirmish between the rehabilitative dogmas of parens patriae and the social, political, and economic forces of todays culture that promote just deserts. Thus, Watkins (1987) notes, juvenile laws and the authority of juvenile courts have not only failed, but have been, in turn, undermined by and then allied with political, social, and economic forces at war with the rehabilitative ideal characteristic of early juvenile jurisprudence.Despite the fact that juvenile court has for the most part been traditionally a civil proceeding, various types of court reforms, sentencing changes, evidentiary standards, and modifications of juvenile rights are moving it into a more criminal format. Proposals are being offered by different professionals to unite the United States Court Systems and combine juvenile and criminal actions into one process. Those that disagree with court unification argue that the juvenile justice system should be held in tact even though they too favor certain reforms. Often these reforms emphasize greater accountability for ones actions, unheeding of age.The just deserts philosophy is well known in many another(prenominal) juvenile courts. The rehabilitative treatment centered philosophy, that has dominated the criminal justice system for part of the twentieth century, has gradually given way to the justice philosophy. The justice philosophy is associated with harsher punishments and handing down penalties for offenders according to the seriousness of their crimes. While a broader range of rights are being given to juveniles in juvenile courts, repetitive and serious juveniles are being moved to adult courts by the way of transfers and waiver.Measures that are being used today within the juvenile justice system to crack down on juveniles incl ude greater use of detention and the greater use of waivers to criminal courts. Overcrowding in juvenile detention centers should be a consideration even though it is expected and inevitable. The use of probation and give-and-take is considered to be the first and last origin to this problem. Placing limits on population in detention facilities sets precedence in system adjustments and responses that disturb in various ways the juvenile justice system as a whole.In all jurisdictions, pre-adjudication detention of juveniles is legally recognized. Those juveniles transferred to criminal courts are in an unpleasant position of being placed in jails, prisons, or detention centers with adults, where the hazard of sexual assault is great and the exposure to criminal activity, even in a prison setting, is severe. In several jurisdictions, the changing of laws requires instant transfers of juveniles to adult criminal courts. unity example is the Juvenile Offender Law of New York passed in 1978. This law provides instant transfers of juveniles to criminal court, when specific serious offenses are alleged. This law has also been passed in Illinois. Assessments of these instant transfer laws suggest that juveniles are held for longer periods of time while awaiting trial and that the services usually available to them in juvenile courts are nonexistent in adult proceedings. The loss of valuable services and the greater detention time while awaiting trail can be detrimental to juveniles and also show that the cost of transferring juveniles to adult courts far outweighs the potential financial and social benefits.Critics state that juvenile courts express that many current administrative expectations and trading operations are almost non-existent from those in adult criminal courts. Also, procedural screenings available in juvenile courts are less than satisfactory than those given to alleged adult offenders in criminal courts. Unquestionably, juveniles are considered to have the worst of both worlds.In most United States jurisdictions, there are currently many dispositional options available to juvenile judges. Several of these options include unofficial probation, referral to specific community agencies, warnings or case dismissals, waivers, detention hearings, and conditional punishments, such as community service and restitution. In capital of South Carolina County, Georgia, peer juries exist as an essential element of diversion programs, the program is design to hear charges against youths and adjudicate them according to the turn out presented. The peer juries consist of basketball team jurors under the age of seventeen, who are trained by juvenile court staff. Jury selections are made available through a list of these qualified youths. These peer juries have been proven to be capable of giving appropriate punishments in both non-serious and serious cases.In past decades, a gradual condemnation with the criminal justice system has occu rred. Citizens have received a strong degree of distrust with law enforcement, the courts, and corrections, and their abilities to process, punish, and manage offenders. The United States Supreme Court has take law enforcement officers to adhere to firmer standards in effectively making arrests of suspected criminals, as well as, in their procedures pertaining to seizing necessary evidence against these suspects. Ninety percent of all criminal convictions are obtained through plea bargains instead of going to trial and the use of probation as a sentence alternative is as high as seventy percent in several jurisdictions, also most offenders who are incarcerated serve only a portion of their sentences and are conditionally released on parole to relieve overcrowding. The public has voiced a c at a timern of how lax our criminal justice system has become towards offenders, and also how ubiquitous the entire system is.One reaction to this laxity has been the arrival of the get tough mov ement, brought about by modifications made to sentences imposed on adults convicted of serious crimes. These sentences may include longer prison terms, heavier fines and other monetary penalties. There has been a noticeable spillover of this movement into the juvenile justice system.Despite trends and estimates of juvenile offense patterns and inconsistencies and inconclusive statistics, juvenile court reform has been exasperated and continued into the 1990s. It also shows few signs of decreasing. Although the get tough constitution toward juveniles is supported by most jurisdictions, greater detention times and incarceration of youths has not proven to be a remedy for rehabilitating them or reducing their regression. Because of inconsistencies in study findings and familiar outcomes of detention programs, such as, therapeutic juvenile interventions, many states are currently reexamining their detention policies for minors and reducing their reliance on detention as a form of punis hment.Among the sarcastic factors that have contributed to these inconsistencies and distinctive juvenile offense trends, there has been a disappointment with conventional juvenile treatments such as diversion, probation, short-term detention and parole, an apparent psychological collateral of juvenile violence that rests beyond the boundaries of conventional treatment methods, and a assortment of descriptive and reporting methods and the changing of laws within jurisdictions as consistent means of documenting deviating juveniles.Compared to adult courts, juvenile courts are clean limited to the types of sanctions they may impose for even the most violent juvenile offenders. Criminal courts in a majority of jurisdictions may impose the death penalty on adult offenders convicted of capital crimes. No United States Juvenile Court has this type of jurisdiction and sanctioning option available. Even detention sanctions that may be applied by juvenile judges have certain structural lim itations.Once juveniles reach a certain age, eighteen in some states and 21 in others, they are no longer within the parameters of juvenile courts and in most instances leave the juvenile system. They also now have clean records as adults. Their juvenile records are not necessarily dismissed, but for all pragmatic purposes they begin their adult life with no criminal record.When decisions made by juvenile judges are examined, to determine the nature and types of punishments reviewed when juvenile offenders are adjudicated as a delinquent, these decisions often show a pattern of leniency. These leniencies may come from vacillation to contribute to labeling juvenile offenders as delinquent. However, it is often traced to additional factors such as prison overcrowding, excessive probation officer caseloads, the lack of adequate juvenile monitoring programs and methods to delay track of increasing numbers of youthful offenders. It also may be a simple matter of not being able to affo rd the falsehood of costly punishments whenever they are demanded. The difficulty of these situations puts judges in a complicated position and they are left to have to deal with juveniles leniently, even the violent ones. some of the same views are shared and raised concerning when juveniles are sent into adult courts and the differences about distinguishing their ages and that it may leave them inadequate to defend themselves in those courts. Current discussions about transfer policies are commonly not about the offenders attributes but about the gravity of the act and the juveniles harmfulness. These factors are based on the age or maturity of the offender. As the juvenile justice policy, which mainly focused on offenders has recently shifted to an offense based focus. Several issues have arisen as part of the transfer argument. These include moral, legal, political, and practical issues.It should also be stated and not forgotten that the fact that some crimes are committed by i ndividuals are not developmentally mature. There should be a boundary between adults and adolescents when it comes to punishment. From a developmental psychology perspective, a passably punishment for an adult may not be fair when given to a juvenile who does not understand the consequences of their actions, severity of their crime or who was unable to gain control over their behavior.The ways that people take in and apply laws should lawfully differ when the case involves a defendant who has limited understanding of the law because of intellectual immaturity or who has impaired judgment because of aflame immaturity. When the offender is of a young age, the presumptions and outcomes of administering a harsh punishment vary differently when the juvenile is an adult. Opinions of people may differ, but age should be considered in decisions concerning transfer, adjudication, and sentencing. This is to say that if one is willing to acknowledge that the age of the offender does matter, an un-biased developmental perspective is needed to make informed decisions about age should be taken into account (Steinberg, 2000).More emphasis should be placed on the age a juvenile should be before transferring to adult court. Juveniles younger than thirteen should lodge in juvenile court irrespective of the crime. It is a belief that regardless of the nature of their offense, individuals under the age of thirteen should be viewed as juveniles due to mental capacity and maturity. Also, it is appropriate to conclude that the majority of juveniles older than sixteen are not that much different from adults in ways that would prohibit fair adjudication within the criminal justice system. The difference among juveniles between the ages of thirteen and sixteen requires that some sort of individualized assessment be completed of the offender to determine competence to stand trial, blameworthiness, and admittance to treatment be made before reaching a transfer decision. If the justi ce system does not consider age as a factor, then boundaries are drawn. Research completed on juvenile developments strongly stands against transfer policies that are based on the offense rather than the offender and argues that policies based on the offender allows the justice system to exercise judgment about a juvenile offenders maturity level and eligibility for transfer. It is considered a bad policy legislatively from a developmental perspective to transfer cases based solely on the offense.Unfortunately, this undesirable policy is becoming increasingly common. The contradiction of utilizing a developmental perspective in the analysis of transfer policies is that the exercise makes known the characteristic inadequacies of the policies that draw obvious distinctions between adolescence and adulthood. An analysis of the developmental literature definitely shows that a difference among adolescents of a given chronological age is the rule rather than the exception. Steinberg (2000 ) calls for a fair transfer policy to accommodate such variability as recommendations from developmental perspectives. One way to do this is to make sure that judges, juries, and law personnel have solid and complete background information about a juvenile and their adolescent development and the flexibility of utilizing this information when making decisions about a juveniles fate that may have lifelong consequences. As for the flexibility, one can only rely on the wisdom of policymakers.Sitting next to a juvenile on trial in an adult courtroom provides numerous reminders that, regardless of what that juvenile has been involved in, they are still a child. Defendants are supposed to elect whether they want a jury or a judge trial, a serious decision that requires weighing many factors (Nakaya, 2005). Even though, defendants are generally required to assist with their defense and advised their attorneys in different aspects of their cases, a juvenile will probably decide on a jury me mber because of their dress color or because they may look like someone they know.The juvenile justice system is supposed to concentrate on reforming youth offenders not letting them rot behind bars (Nakaya, 2005). Rehabilitation is the key when it comes to juveniles. They do not have the maturity level, knowledge or self-control that we would see in an adult offender. It can be said that juveniles do not understand the consequences of their actions. When juveniles are sent to adult court, the background of why they may have committed these dramatic or dangerous acts needs to be evaluated to understand why they committed their crime. Often there are extenuating circumstances from a juveniles past that has contributed to the why.Juveniles are not adults by any means and trying them in a court of law does not make them one. When juveniles are tried in adult criminal court, it does not give them the privileges of voting or drinking. They are still minors. They are developmentally less mature and responsible, more impulsive, erratic and vulnerable to negative peer pressure. As human beings, they are still active plant in progress.Across the country, the responses of lawmakers, in regards to the rise in violent juvenile crimes, have been to create stricter laws. Many states have passed laws making it easier to try and convict a juvenile as an adult and have also toughen penalties for juveniles with guns. Some states have also developed training prisons for young offenders and a new federal official crime bill tries to deter juvenile crime by making it a federal crime for anyone under age eighteen to purchase, possess, or use a gun. Supporters of these laws voice that the punishment fit the crime, even if the crime is committed by a juvenile. On June 16th, 1944, South Carolina executed George Stinney. He was fourteen days old, the youngest person ever executed in the United States. Stinney, who was black, was convicted of murdering two clean-living girls, Betty B innicker, and Mary Emma Thames, with a railroad spike. His trial lasted only three hours, and the all white jury deliberated for only ten minutes before sentencing him to death by electric chair. At Stinneys execution, the prison guards had a difficult time strapping him into the chair. During the burning at the stake process, the electric jolt shook the mask off his head. Is this really the way juveniles should be treated. The death penalty is not an option when trying juveniles for serious crimes. It is not only immoral but also inhuman.When it comes to death penalty issues, scientists views are that a juveniles brain changes dramatically and this may be accountable for hasty and often irrational behavior of some juveniles demonstrating that adolescents are less liable than adults. This is strongly countered by victim advocacy groups claiming that it is just an effort by the community that opposes the death penalty to use science in debating their positions. Most juveniles who co mmit murder realize that their actions were fallacious because they often try to hide or destroy evidence in order to avoid getting caught. Additionally, most family members of murder victims do not think a persons age, at the time of the crime, should answer in a lighter sentence. Focusing on the heinousness of the crime, many people have no regards to how old the offender is.Problems that occur within the family setting of juveniles that have an impact of crimes they commit include divorce or separation, working single parents, single parent families, lack of adult supervision, parental rejection of the juvenile, juvenile rejection of the parent, and the different views between parents and teens increases the risk that the teen may try to distance themselves from the parents in order to establish their own self. Other problems that may occur and cause juveniles to become delinquent are children spending more time with their friends than family, gangs or peer acceptance, drugs and weapons use have increased among juveniles as a way to solve their problems, illicit and explicit sex activity and violence in the media, and also the impact the media has influenced with the introduction of computers and violent video games. Who should be held liable for the negligent behavior a juvenile commits, the parents or monastic order? It is believed that parents, who knowingly or recklessly allow their children to commit crimes of violent natures, should be held legally liable. Today without special educational programs in child development and parenting groups many of our future parents will contribute to juvenile delinquency by merely not knowing how to be parents.In order to take a stand on the subject, the pros and cons of the argument on whether juveniles should be punished the same way as adults are judicious and worth reviewing. Developmental research should be hear and considered even though policies on juvenile justice have become tougher against juvenile offen ders. On the other hand, people pushing for tougher punishments on juveniles have already succeeded for the most part with most states in the United States adopting a more disciplinary response to juvenile offenders and their offenses. Studies have shown that harsher penalties and punishments for juveniles do not necessarily result in lower crime rates when the juveniles complete their sentences and are released back into the world. Trying juveniles as adults may be doing more harm than good.This research paper, on one hand, appreciates the progressive responses of the juvenile law on offenders despite the get tough policy that gathers resistance and argument. While many have argue that it is right for a juvenile to be punished as an adult, this author disagrees that the United States laws on juvenile justice has not provided an equal response to the growing concern of juvenile offenders. It is unconstitutional to include juveniles as adults in adult courts because children lack cog nizance of the crimes in which they have committed. The population should be considerate and offender-focused at certain times about this juvenile justice argument. The author also found reasonable argument of recommending a uniform juvenile justice policy by specifying age limits for juvenile transfers. This is for the reason that there is an apparent unspecified offenders age homogeneous to all jurisdictions on this matter. Through specification of a juveniles age, the boundary that was once posted between juveniles and adults will be somehow redefined. In this way, we are taking stances from both sides of the argument with an aim of suggesting a better solution to this critical contemporary issue of juvenile offending.

From Boy to Man :: Example Personal Narratives

From Boy to Man       It was December 26, 2002, a day that will run low in my mind forever. I had just gotten my license three days before, and all I could think about was driving around with my friends and enjoying the thought that I was actually free to go wherever I wanted, and whenever I wanted. My vehicle was a 1994 Dodge. It was the family car that had been passed down. It had gone through my father, brother, and finally down to me. It was a okay piece of machinery, to me anyway. The stereo had five stations but no tape player. The van had cruise control, but that took a long time to work. I would commonly have to try it four or five times before I could ever get it to work.       It had s immediatelyed a couple of days before, so the roadstead were okay, but they still had some snow and ice on them. Since I had my license for three days, I had already been through all the weather that graven image could throw at me, so I knew t hat I was a driving expert. All the times before, in drivers ed., I had driven in the rain, in straightlaced weather, mostly anything, but I was not prepared for what was going to happen on this day.       I picked up two of my non-driving friends because I was considered to be cool now that I could drive around without my parents. We decided that we should go to McDonalds to celebrate my achievements. I had my normal 9 with a Coke, and I forget what they got, but thats really not important. After McDonalds we decided to go out and just be teenagers, which included driving around, looking for chicks to drool over, and all the while I am thinking, wherefore didnt I get my license at age 12? This is a breeze. We went out to McNeil Road to go by my old school, just to laugh at it, but something went wrong.       Since it had snowed a couple of days before, the roads were worse than I had ever encountered during drivers ed. The snow was blo wing back and forth on the road.

Old Messages Brought To Life Essay -- essays research papers

Old Messages Brought to LifeTodays world needs to be taught the old messages of life. We have so many different religions that preach the aforementioned(prenominal) things. All are of one or more supreme beings and their teachings. Across this world it is the same messages and yet we fight one another, because my god of love is remedy then your god of love. The basic human problems are even the same we all call these situations sin. Is it possible to change the world and it beliefs? One must make with their self and realize that the basic rules for life. Laws condition the manifest cosmea and life on earth. There are inviolable laws of life that govern all aspects of worldly life and determine the destiny of each individual. Understanding the first three or four help you to understand the rest.They cannot be ignored without inviting negative consequences. It is thusly important that one understands these laws and observes them. The whole universe is permeated with divine presen ce. Therefore one should deal with every object in it as if one is dealing with oneself or with "God". Everyones god is omnipresent and omniscient in each religious persons eyes. Everything in this universe is sacred because it is filled with the presence of this Supreme Being. Everything in this universe is therefore a divine entity and should be treated as such.     Those who seek harmony and peace in life understand this principle very considerably and treat every thing in the worl...

Analysis of Proverbs 31 Essay -- The Worthy Woman

The Worthy charr what a title. Everyone who has some knowledge of the sacred scripture has heard this formulate. Almost anyone can name some dodgy phrase or saying that is from the record whether it is from the psalm or Proverbs or any other book. We all know those verses that tend to queer stuck in our mind. However catchy they may be, unless one actually comes to an thought of what is being said and applies it to their lives, these catchy phrases can just be surface knowledge. Every Christian can get caught in that trap. When someone is considering a Bible passage they should take heed to learn everything they can about that passage any background information, what certain words mean, who the indite is. The knowledge one can straighten out from the Bible is never ending. Another problem when studying the Bible is when people use their knowledge of the Bible to stumble themselves look kindred better Bible students. The Pharisees were unendingly doing this. We need to not be puffed up about the knowledge we gain from the Bible and constantly try to be gaining more and piece of land it with others. Going back to the worthy woman, it is one of the most well known passages and therefore a lot of knowledge and wisdom can be gleaned from it. This is the coda chapter of the Proverbs and is divided into two sections. Verses 1-9 are categorized as The Words of King Lemuel, followed by verses 10-31 categorized as The womanhood Who Fears the Lord. This Proverb has a title foreign some of the other Proverbs. This title tells who wrote it and what the proverb is. The title of Proverbs 31 is The words of King Lemuel. An oracle that his mother taught him (ESV). The lead identity of King Lemuel is unknown. Many commentaries apprise that even though ... ... passage because it gives me something to strive for as a woman. It is easy to understand and practical. To have this woman as an example of what a virtuous divine woman should be li ke, should give us no excuse to not continually strive to be like her in any and every way. We should try to dwell on these qualities and put them into our lives, until those qualities become our lives and we are praised for the good we are doing. Works CitedArnot, William. Proverbs 31. Studies in Proverbs Laws from Heaven for disembodied spirit on Earth. Grand Rapids, MI Kregel Publications, 1978. 570-83. Print.Greenstone, Julius H. Poverbs 31. The devoted SScriptures Proverbs. Philadelphia Jewish Pub. Soc. of America, 1950. 329-39. Print.Henry, Matthew. Proverbs 31. Matthew Henrys Commentary on the Whole Bible. Vol. III. McLean, Virg. MacDonald, 1991. 971-77. Print. Analysis of Proverbs 31 Essay -- The Worthy WomanThe Worthy Woman what a title. Everyone who has some knowledge of the Bible has heard this phrase. Almost anyone can name some catchy phrase or saying that is from the Bible whether it is from the Psalms or Proverbs or any other book. We all know t hose verses that tend to get stuck in our mind. However catchy they may be, unless one actually comes to an understanding of what is being said and applies it to their lives, these catchy phrases can just be surface knowledge. Every Christian can get caught in that trap. When someone is considering a Bible passage they should try to learn everything they can about that passage any background information, what certain words mean, who the author is. The knowledge one can gain from the Bible is never ending. Another problem when studying the Bible is when people use their knowledge of the Bible to make themselves look like better Bible students. The Pharisees were constantly doing this. We need to not be puffed up about the knowledge we gain from the Bible and constantly try to be gaining more and share it with others. Going back to the worthy woman, it is one of the most well known passages and therefore a lot of knowledge and wisdom can be gleaned from it. This is the last c hapter of the Proverbs and is divided into two sections. Verses 1-9 are categorized as The Words of King Lemuel, followed by verses 10-31 categorized as The Woman Who Fears the Lord. This Proverb has a title unlike some of the other Proverbs. This title tells who wrote it and what the proverb is. The title of Proverbs 31 is The words of King Lemuel. An oracle that his mother taught him (ESV). The exact identity of King Lemuel is unknown. Many commentaries suggest that even though ... ... passage because it gives me something to strive for as a woman. It is easy to understand and practical. To have this woman as an example of what a virtuous godly woman should be like, should give us no excuse to not continually strive to be like her in any and every way. We should try to dwell on these qualities and put them into our lives, until those qualities become our lives and we are praised for the good we are doing. Works CitedArnot, William. Proverbs 31. Studies in Proverbs Laws from Heaven for Life on Earth. Grand Rapids, MI Kregel Publications, 1978. 570-83. Print.Greenstone, Julius H. Poverbs 31. The Holy SScriptures Proverbs. Philadelphia Jewish Pub. Soc. of America, 1950. 329-39. Print.Henry, Matthew. Proverbs 31. Matthew Henrys Commentary on the Whole Bible. Vol. III. McLean, Virg. MacDonald, 1991. 971-77. Print.

The Tunnel Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

The TunnelMy unforgett adequate to(p) senior footb alone season was coming to a close. The whole team knew that this was the last patch of football we would ever play together. After this game, it would never be the same. I had been waiting my whole life to experience what I was about to face in the next few hours. To me, and to the rest of my hometown, high school football isnt just a game it is a lifelong passion. I grew up ceremonial my role models play the same game I was about to play where the football-frenzied town of Mahnomen won four state championships in a row. Since the seventh grade, my team was expected to make it to the state play-offs our senior year, and now we were playing for the state tittle. We didnt have anybody extremely fast, strong, or even smart on our team. In fact, no senior would go on to participate in college football. We were just a few guys that would never give up no matter what the circumstances. Those guys were my team, the like I was the one le ading them all into a battle field, even though that was the feeling of half the other guys. My team had been nicknamed The Cardiac Kids because of our ability to thread out a victory by one point, which we had done in six games that season. Critics thought a team that could only squeak out so many victories by one point was bound to lose their composure in the play-offs. Throughout the season we had worked towards becoming the team we now were. We were proud of how outlying(prenominal) we had gotten. The only thing left to do was to play our hardest and to see how well we matched up against the best team in the state. All of this led up to the hour of the State Championship Game. From the locker room, we walked into the dark tunnel leading to the nervous light of The M... ...at is he didnt like how he wrote about things he didnt know about, when he could have been writing about important things that were happening to him because he did know about them. This makes me see the imp ortance of my paper better. I likewise changed some things around in the paper. As you can imagine, when Dr. Morgan criticized writing about The Big Game I was like, Oh Crap, now I have to write it all over again. As you can see, I decided to stay with my original idea, but just focus on it at a different point. kinda of telling what happened, I focus more on why it affected me. Like when I wrote, Because of what I learned that moment, I will be able to see when teamwork is needed and how to pursue it. You might not think that this is such an important quality, but this connects with me every day of my life. I think this helps fit the duty assignment better.

The Tragic Merchant of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

The Tragic Merchant of Venice In my opinion the correspond The Merchant of Venice is a tragic one which is discised as being comic. Many factors of this play atomic number 18 derived from the current voice of situation. The Merchant of Venice could be looked at as more tragic because of the negative intents from some of the characters in the play. Greed and deception are just a couple of the main features from where some(prenominal) of the decisions are derived. For example, revenge was an intent that Sylock had against for Antonio, only to say the least for, greed... Antonio is being a set dupe for revenge because of his deception against Shylock, and also for prior intent to do. If The Merchant of Venice was to be looked at as more comic, the scenarios wouldnt be taken as seriously as they should be. Infact I believe that The Merchant of Venice written by William Shakespeare was officially intended to be so in both comic and tragic. In depth flavour and observ ing The Merchant of Venice I have seen a small equivalency in the amount of comicness and tragedy in the play. I have come up with the finding that William Shakespeare was a great playwright and must have been an absolute genius to compose the great and wonderful things that he did. The Merchant of Venice is excellent in its expression of describing the characters. The emotion is spread out thoroughly like warm butter on hot toast. The tragedy in The Merchant of Venice is believable and almost true up in a sense of my opinion in relating to greed, human desire, and most important let not forget, anguish. Throughout The Merchant of Venice there are many strong feelings displayed through powerful lines of contemporary nature, to be truthful. William Shakespeare most likely wrote this play The Merchant of Venice to display how human greed could be so consuming to the soul of a person, which he did very well if I may say so. The spunk and enthusiasm of this play makes it engrossing to the reader or peach and also keeps the audience engaged in what is going to happen next.